Index
1. Definitions

PART I - ADMISSION AND ENROLMENT
2. Roll of legal practitioners
3. Admission of legal practitioners
4. Persons qualified to be admitted as legal practitioners and application for admission
5. Academic and professional qualification
6. Enrolment of persons who were enrolled as attorneys or advocates before the commencement of this Act
7. Juristic person may conduct a practice
8. Establishment and constitution of Board for Legal Education
9. Alternate members of the Board
10. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancies
11. General functions of the Board
12. Committees of the Board
13. Meetings of the Board
14. Performance of administrative work of the Board
15. Remuneration and allowances of members of the Board
16. Justice Training Centre

PART II - PRIVILEGES, RESTRICTIONS AND OFFENCES IN
CONNECTION WITH PRACTICE
17. Privileges of legal practitioners
18. Right of audience in the Supreme Court
19. Right of audience of candidate legal practitioners
20. Prohibition against practising without fidelity fund certificate
21. Certain offences by unqualified persons
22. Unqualified persons not to prepare certain documents or instruments
23. Prohibition against practising by or in association with legal practitioners struck off the Roll or suspended from practice
24. Saving in respect of certain officials acting under a delegation of the Prosecutor-General

PART III - KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS BY LEGAL PRACTITIONERS
25. Legal practitioners' books of accounts and power of Council to inspect
26. Opening of trust banking account
27. Trust account moneys not part of the assets of legal practitioner
28. Control of operation of trust account
29. Rights and duties of banking institutions and building societies with respect to trust accounts
30. Rights of legal practitioner with respect to money in trust account
31. Offences in relation to trust accounts

PART IV - DISCIPLINE AND REMOVAL FROM
AND RESTORATION TO THE ROLL
32. Removal from Roll or suspension from practice of legal practitioners
33. Unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct
34. Disciplinary Committee
35. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to legal practitioners
36. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to candidate legal practitioners
37. Power of Court
38. Restoration to Roll
39. Rules governing Disciplinary Committee

PART V - LAW SOCIETY OF NAMIBIA
40. Establishment of Law Society
41. Objects of Law Society
42. Powers of Law Society
43. Membership of Law Society
44. General meetings of Law Society
45. Council of Law Society
[Sec 45 substituted by sect 4 of Act 22 of 2002.]
46. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancy in Council
47. Duties of Council
48. Powers of Council
49. Committees of Council
50. Meetings of Council
51. Income of Law Society exempt from tax
52. Power of Council to make rules

PART VI - LEGAL PRACTITIONERS' FIDELITY FUND
53. Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund
54. Purpose of fund
55. Fund to vest in and to be held in trust by board of control
56. Constitution of board of control
57. Period of office of members of board of control
58. Vacation of office by members of the board of control
59. Chairperson of board of control
60. Meetings of board of control
61. Committees of board of control
62. Validity of resolution signed by all members of board of control
63. Revenue of fund
64. Banking account
65. Audit
66. Insurance contracts for purpose of indemnifying fund and legal practitioners
67. Exemption of certain legal practitioners from requirement to hold a fidelity fund certificate
68. Application for and issue of fidelity fund certificate
69. Contributions to fund by legal practitioners
70. Payments from fund
71. Grants from fund for education or research in law and for enhancement of professional standards of legal practitioners
72. Limitation of liability of fund
73. Procedure for instituting claims against fund
74. Actions against fund
75. Subrogation
76. Exemption of fund from certain provisions of certain laws
77. Indemnification in respect of certain acts
78. Preservation and disposal of records and documents in possession of board of control

PART VII - GENERAL
79. ..........
[Sec 79 repealed by sec 7 of Act 22 of 2002.]
80. Rules of court
81. Regulations
82. Evidence
83. Oath or affirmation upon admission and enrolment
84. Legal Practitioners are officers of the Court
85. Reciprocal arrangements and certificate of authorization to act in Namibia
86. Notaries public
87. Practice of conveyancing
88. Transfer of assets, rights, liabilities and obligations to Law Society
89. Transitional provisions in relation to Council of the Law Society
90. Transitional provisions in relation to Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control
91. Transitional provisions in relation to practical legal training and obtaining of fidelity fund certificate or exemption by existing advocates
92. Interpretation of certain references in laws
93. Amendment of the High Court Act
94. Repeal of laws and savings
95. Short title and commencement

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LEGAL PRACTITIONERS ACT 15 OF 1995

[Government Gazette: 1 September 1995 No. 1141]
[Date of Commencement: 1 September 1995 ]

as amended by

Legal Practitioners Amendment 4 of 1997

ACT

To consolidate and amend the laws relating to the legal profession
and legal practitioners; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

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ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

PRELIMINARY

Section

1 Definitions

PART I
ADMISSION AND ENROLMENT

2. Roll of legal practitioners
3. Admission of legal practitioners
4. Persons qualified to be admitted as legal practitioners and application for admission
5. Academic and professional qualification
6. Enrolment of persons who were enrolled as attorneys or advocates before the commencement of this Act
7. Juristic person may conduct a practice
8. Establishment and constitution of Board for Legal Education
9. Alternate members of the Board
10. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancies
11. General functions of the Board
12. Committees of the Board
13. Meetings of the Board
14. Performance of administrative work of the Board
15. Remuneration and allowances of members of the Board
16. Justice Training Centre

PART II
PRIVILEGES RESTRICTIONS AND OFFENCES IN CONNECTION WITH PRACTICE

17. Privileges of legal practitioners
18. Right of audience in the Supreme Court
19. Right of audience of candidate legal practitioners
20. Prohibition against practising without fidelity fund certificate
21. Certain offences by unqualified persons
22. Unqualified persons not to prepare certain documents or instruments
23. Prohibition against practising by or in association with legal practitioners struck off the Roll or suspended from practice
24. Saving in respect of certain officials acting under a delegation of the Prosecutor-General

PART III
KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS BY LEGAL PRACTITIONERS

25. Legal practitioners' books of accounts and power of Council to inspect
26. Opening of trust banking account
27. Trust account moneys not part of the assets of legal practitioner
28. Control of operation of trust account
29. Rights and duties of banking institutions and building societies with respect to trust accounts
30. Rights of legal practitioner with respect to money in trust account
31. Offences in relation to trust accounts

PART IV

DISCIPLINE AND REMOVAL FROM AND RESTORATION TO THE ROLL

32. Removal from Roll or suspension from practice of legal practitioners
33. Unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct
34. Disciplinary Committee
35. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to legal practitioners
36. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to candidate legal practitioners
37. Power of Court
38. Restoration to Roll
39. Rules governing Disciplinary Committee

PART V
LAW SOCIETY OF NAMIBIA

40. Establishment of Law Society
41. Objects of Law Society
42. Powers of Law Society
43. Membership of Law Society
44. General meetings of Law Society
45. Council of Law Society
[Sec 45 substituted by sect 4 of Act 22 of 2002.]
46. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancy in Council
47. Duties of Council
48. Powers of Council
49. Committees of Council
50. Meetings of Council
51. Income of Law Society exempt from tax
52. Power of Council to make rules

PART VI
LEGAL PRACTITIONERS' FIDELITY FUND

53. Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund
54. Purpose of fund
55. Fund to vest in and to be held in trust by board of control
56. Constitution of board of control
57. Period of office of members of board of control
58. Vacation of office by members of the board of control
59. Chairperson of board of control
60. Meetings of board of control
61. Committees of board of control
62. Validity of resolution signed by all members of board of control
63. Revenue of fund
64. Banking account
65. Audit
66. Insurance contracts for purpose of indemnifying fund and legal practitioners
67. Exemption of certain legal practitioners from requirement to hold a fidelity fund certificate
68. Application for and issue of fidelity fund certificate
69. Contributions to fund by legal practitioners
70. Payments from fund
71. Grants from fund for education or research in law and for enhancement of professional standards of legal practitioners
72. Limitation of liability of fund
73. Procedure for instituting claims against fund
74. Actions against fund
75. Subrogation
76. Exemption of fund from certain provisions of certain laws
77. Indemnification in respect of certain acts
78. Preservation and disposal of records and documents in possession of board of control

PART VII
GENERAL

79. .........
[Sec 79 repealed by sec 7 of Act 22 of 2002.]
80. Rules of court
81. Regulations
82. Evidence
83. Oath or affirmation upon admission and enrolment
84. Legal Practitioners are officers of the Court
85. Reciprocal arrangements and certificate of authorization to act in Namibia
86. Notaries public
87. Practice of conveyancing
88. Transfer of assets, rights, liabilities and obligations to Law Society
89. Transitional provisions in relation to Council of the Law Society
90. Transitional provisions in relation to Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control
91. Transitional provisions in relation to practical legal training and obtaining of fidelity fund certificate or exemption by existing advocates
92. Interpretation of certain references in laws
93. Amendment of the High Court Act
94. Repeal of laws and savings
95. Short title and commencement

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Schedules

BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of Namibia as follows:-

PRELIMINARY

1. Definitions

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-

"banking institution" means an institution registered otherwise than provisionally as a bank in terms of the Banks Act, 1965 (Act 23 of 1965);

"Board" means the Board for Legal Education established by section 8;

"board of control" means the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control referred to in section 55;

"building society" means an institution finally registered as a building society in terms of the Building Societies Act, 1986 (Act 2 of 1986);

"candidate legal practitioner" means a person registered by the Board as undergoing the course of post-graduate study;

"Centre" means the Justice Training Centre referred to in section 16;

"Council" means the Council of the Law Society referred to in section 45;

"course of post-graduate study" means the course for the training of candidate legal practitioners referred to in section 16;

"Court" means the High Court of Namibia;

"Disciplinary Committee" means the Disciplinary Committee established by section 34;

"enrolled" means enrolled as a legal practitioner on the Roll;

"fidelity fund certificate" means a certificate issued in terms of section 68;

"fund" means the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund referred to in section 53;

"investment practice", in relation to a legal practitioner, means the investment of funds by the legal practitioner on behalf of another person, or the control or management, whether directly or indirectly, of such an investment or the collection of interest or capital redemption payments on such investment on behalf of such person, excluding-
(a) an investment of a temporary nature that is made in the course of and is incidental to the rendering of a service of a legal nature by the legal practitioner to such person; or
(b) an investment made by a legal practitioner in the capacity of executor, trustee, curator or any other ex officio capacity insofar as such investment is required and is governed by any other law;
[Definition of "investment practice" inserted by sec 1(a) of Act 22 of 2002.]

"law centre" means-
(a) a centre for clinical legal education in the Faculty of Law at the University of Namibia; or
(b) a centre controlled by a non-profit making organisation which provides legal services without charge;

"Law Society" means the Law Society of Namibia established by section 40;

"legal practitioner" means a person who, in terms of this Act, has been admitted and authorised to practise as a legal practitioner or is deemed to have been so admitted and authorised;

"Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination" means the examination set and held by the Centre under section 16;

"Minister" means the Minister of Justice;

"practise" means to practise as a legal practitioner, whether for personal gain or in the service of a law centre or the State, and "practice" shall be construed accordingly;

"prescribed" means prescribed by rule made under section 52 or by regulation made under section 81;

"profession" means the profession of legal practitioner;

"professional company" means a company referred to in section 7;

"racially advantaged legal practitioner" means a legal practitioner who belongs to a racial or ethnic group which was, or is, directly or indirectly, advantaged as a consequence of social, economic, or educational programmes implemented as the result of racially discriminatory laws or practices before the independence of Namibia; and "racially disadvantaged legal practitioner" has the opposite meaning;
[Definition of "racially advantaged legal practitioner" inserted by sec 1(b) of Act 22 of 2002.]

"Registrar" means the Registrar of the High Court;

"Roll" means the register of legal practitioners referred to in section 2;

"Rules of Court" means the rules of the Court made under the High Court Act, 1990 (Act 16 of 1990);

"trust account" means an account comprising-
(a) a trust banking account referred to in section 26(1); and
(b) any trust savings or other interest-bearing account referred to in section 26(2) or (3) opened by a legal practitioner.

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PART I
ADMISSION AND ENROLMENT
(ss 2-16)

2. Roll of legal practitioners

(1) The Registrar shall keep a register of legal practitioners to be known as the Roll.

(2) The Registrar shall enter in the Roll-
(a) the name of every person admitted and authorised to practise as a legal practitioner in terms of this Act and of every person who in terms of section 6 the Registrar is required to enrol;
(b) particulars of any order of the Court whereby the name of a legal practitioner has been ordered to be struck off the Roll or whereby a legal practitioner has been suspended from practice;
(c) particulars of any decision of the Disciplinary Committee under section 35(8) or of the Court under section 37 with respect to a legal practitioner;
(d) particulars relating to the death of a legal practitioner or any change in the names or other particulars of a legal practitioner, of whom the Registrar is notified.

(3) The Registrar shall upon application made to him or her, and upon payment of the prescribed fee, issue to a legal practitioner a certificate of enrolment in the form set out in Schedule 4.

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3. Admission of legal practitioners

No person shall be admitted and authorised to practise as a legal practitioner or be enrolled as such, except in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

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4. Persons qualified to be admitted as legal practitioners and application for admission

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Court shall admit and authorise to practise as a legal practitioner any person who, upon application made by him or her, satisfies the Court that he or she-
(a) is a fit and proper person to be so admitted and authorised;
(b) is duly qualified in accordance with the provisions of section 5; and
(c) (i) is a Namibian citizen; or
(ii) has been lawfully admitted to Namibia for permanent residence therein and is ordinarily resident in Namibia; or
(iii) is the holder of an employment permit issued in terms of section 27 of the Immigration Control Act, 1993 (Act 7 of 1993) for the purpose of employment in the service of the State.

(2) An application in terms of subsection (1) shall be made to the Court in accordance with the Rules of Court.

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5. Academic and professional qualifications

(1) A person shall be duly qualified for the purposes of section 4(1) if-
(a) he or she holds a degree in law from the University of Namibia, or an equivalent qualification in law from a university or a comparable educational institution situated outside Namibia which has been prescribed by the Minister under subsection (4)(a) for the purposes of this paragraph, and he or she has, subject to subsections (2) and (3), been issued with a certificate by the Board stating that he or she-
(i) has satisfactorily undergone practical legal training; and
(ii) has passed the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination;
(b) he or she holds a degree, diploma or certificate in law which immediately before the commencement of this Act was prescribed under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979) as a degree, diploma or certificate which entitled a holder thereof to be admitted as an attorney under that Act, and he or she-
(i) has, after having obtained such degree, diploma or certificate, either before the date of commencement of this Act or, by virtue of the provisions of section 94(2), at any time not later than two years after that date, or such longer period as the Minister by notice in the Gazette may determine, complied with the provisions of the Attorneys Act, 1979 in regard to service under articles and passed the practical examinations referred to in section 14(1)(a), (b), (c) and (d) of that Act, or such part or parts thereof from which he or she has not been exempted by virtue of the provisions of section 13 or 13A of that Act; or
(ii) was, immediately before the commencement of this Act, exempted by virtue of the provisions of section 13 or 13A of the Attorneys Act, 1979, from service under articles and from passing the practical examinations referred to in subparagraph (i);
(c) he or she holds a degree or an equivalent qualification in law from a university or a comparable educational institution situated outside Namibia which has been prescribed by the Minister under subsection (4)(b) for the purposes of this paragraph, and he or she-
(i)has undergone a course of one year undergraduate study provided by the Faculty of Law of the University of Namibia and has been certified by the University as having passed all examinations and fulfilled all other requirements of such course; and
(ii) has, subject to subsections (2) and (3) been issued with a certificate by the Board stating that he or she-
(aa) has satisfactorily undergone practical legal training; and
(bb) has passed the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination; or
(cA) he or she holds a degree in law from the University of Namibia, or a degree or equivalent qualification in law from a university or a comparable educational institution outside Namibia which has been prescribed by the Minister under section (4)(a) or (b) and who has been issued with a certificate-
(i) by the Minister, after consultation with the Board for Legal Education, stating that he or she has for a continuous period of five years, and to the satisfaction of the Minister, performed duties in the service of the State as-
(aa) a magistrate appointed under section 9 of the Magistrates' Court Act, 1944 (Act 32 of 1944); or
(bb) Director of Legal Aid or legal aid council appointed under section 3 of the Legal Aid Act, 1990 (Act 29 of 1990); or
(ii) by the Attorney-General, after consultation with the Board for Legal Education, stating that he or she has for a continuous period of five years, and to the satisfaction of the Attorney-General, performed duties in the service of the State as a prosecutor in the office of the Prosecutor-General; or
[Para (cA) inserted by sec 1 of Act 10 of 2002.]
(d) his or her name appears on the list, register or roll of legal practitioners, advocates or attorneys, or by whatever name called, kept by a competent authority of any country specified in Schedule 3 to this Act, and he or she-
(i) has, upon his or her application, been exempted by the Board from complying with the requirements of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a), and, where applicable, has complied with any conditions subject to which such exemption has been granted by the Board; or
(ii) where he or she has not been so exempted, has complied with the provisions of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a).

(2) The Board shall not for the purposes of paragraph (a)(ii) or (c)(ii)(aa) of subsection (1) or section 6(3) certify that a person has satisfactorily undergone practical legal training, unless the Board, after the consideration of a report by the Director of the Centre-
(a) is satisfied that such person has-
(i) for the full period that he or she attended the course of postgraduate study; or
(ii) if such person has already passed the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination, for a period of not less than 6 months, continuously been attached to a legal practitioner or legal practitioners for the purpose of practical legal training; and
(b) considers the standard of training received by such person as adequate for the purposes of admission as a legal practitioner.

(3) No person shall be permitted to sit for the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination, unless the Board, after consideration of a report by the Director of the Centre, is satisfied that such person has satisfactorily attended and completed the course of post-graduate study: Provided that a person who holds a degree or equivalent qualification referred to in paragraph (c) of subsection (1), shall not be entitled to commence with and attend the course of post-graduate study, unless he or she has passed all examinations of the course of undergraduate study referred to in subparagraph (i) of that paragraph.

(4) The Minister may from time to time, on recommendation of the Board, prescribe by notice in the Gazette-
(a) for the purposes of subsection (1)(a), any degree or equivalent qualification in law from a university or other comparable educational institution in a foreign country, the legal system of which is based on common law, which shall be accepted as a sufficient qualification for the purposes of that subsection;
(b) for the purposes of subsection (1)(c), any degree or equivalent qualification in law from a university or other comparable educational institution in a foreign country, the legal system of which is not based on common law, which shall be accepted as a sufficient qualification for the purposes of that subsection.

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6. Enrolment of persons who were enrolled as attorneys or advocates before the commencement of this Act

(1) The Registrar shall enter in the Roll the name of every person who immediately before the commencement of this Act-
(a) was an attorney in Namibia under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979);
(b) was an advocate in Namibia under the Admission of Advocates Act, 1964 (Act 74 of 1964), who-
(i) was admitted and enrolled as such at any time before the period of 12 months preceding the date of commencement of this Act; or
(ii) was admitted and enrolled as such during the said period of 12 months and has complied with the requirements of section 3A(1) of that Act or was exempted therefrom; or
(c) was undergoing articles in Namibia in terms of the Attorneys Act, 1979, having had his or her name removed from the roll of advocates.

(2) A person who was admitted and enrolled as an advocate in terms of the Admission of Advocates Act, 1964, during the period of 12 months preceding the date of commencement of this Act, but who has not complied with the requirements of section 3A(1) of that Act, shall, if he or she, by virtue of the provisions of section 94(3) of this Act, complies with those requirements not later than 12 months after the commencement of this Act, or such longer period as the Minister by notice in the Gazette may determine, be enrolled by the Registrar.

(3) A person referred to in subsection (2) who fails to comply with the requirements of section 3A(1) of the Admission of Advocates Act, 1964 before the expiration of the period referred to in subsection (2), shall, notwithstanding the fact that he or she was admitted and enrolled as an advocate in terms of that Act, not be enrolled under this Act, unless he or she submits to the Registrar a certificate issued by the Board, subject to subsections (2) and (3) of section 5 of this Act, in which it is stated that he or she-
(a) has satisfactorily undergone practical legal training; and
(b) has passed the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination.

(4) A person enrolled in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1), (2) or (3) shall be deemed to have been admitted and authorised to practise as a legal practitioner under this Act.

(5) The enrolment of a person in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1)-
(a) shall be subject to the terms of any order of the Court whereby he or she has been suspended from practice as an advocate or attorney before the commencement of this Act;
(b) shall not relieve such person of liability under this Act for unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct on his or her part before the commencement of this Act.

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7. Juristic person may conduct a practice

(1) A private company may, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, conduct a practice if-
(a) such company is incorporated and registered as a private company under the Companies Act, 1973 (Act 61 of 1973), with a share capital, and its memorandum of association provides that all present and past directors of the company shall be liable jointly and severally with the company for the debts and liabilities of the company contracted during their periods of office;
(b) only natural persons who are legal practitioners and who are in possession of current fidelity fund certificates are members or shareholders of the company or persons having an interest in the shares of the company;
(c) the name of the company consists solely of the name or names of any of the present or past members of the company or of persons who conducted, either on their own account or in partnership, any practice which may reasonably be regarded as a predecessor of the practice of the company: Provided that the words "and associates" or "and company" may be included in the name of the company.

(2) Every shareholder of the company shall be a director of the company, and no person other than a shareholder of the company shall be a director thereof.

(3) If a shareholder of the company or a person having an interest in the shares of the company, dies or ceases to conform to the requirements of subsection (1)(b), he or she or his or her estate, as the case may be, may as from the date on which he or she dies or ceases to conform, continue to hold the relevant shares or interest in the shares in the company for a period of six months or for such longer period as the Council may approve.

(4) No voting rights shall attach to any share held in terms of subsection (3), and the holder of any such share shall not act as a director of the company or receive, directly or indirectly, any director's fees or remuneration or participate in the income of or profits earned by the company in its practice.

(5) If the articles of association of the company so provide, the company may, without confirmation by a court, upon such conditions as it may deem expedient, purchase any shares held in it, and the authorised share capital of the company shall not be reduced thereby.

(6) Shares purchased in terms of subsection (5) shall be available for allotment in terms of the articles of association of the company.

(7) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law, the articles of association of the company may restrict a member of the company to appoint only another member of the company to attend, speak or vote in his or her stead at any meeting of the company.

(8) If the company ceases to conform to any of the requirements of subsection (1), it shall forthwith cease to practise, and shall, as from the date on which it ceases so to conform, not be recognized in law as a legal practitioner, but subject to subsection (9).

(9) The provisions of subsection (8) shall not, during the period contemplated in subsection (3), apply to a company by reason only that a shareholder of the company or a person having an interest in the shares of the company has ceased to be a legal practitioner or to be in possession of a fidelity fund certificate.

(10) Any reference in this Act or in any other law to a legal practitioner or to a partner or partnership in relation to legal practitioners, shall be construed as including a reference to a professional company or to a member of such a company, as the case may be, unless the context otherwise indicates.

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8. Establishment and constitution of Board for Legal Education

(1) There is hereby established a board to be known as the Board for Legal Education.

(2) The Board shall consist of-
(a) the Chief Justice, who shall be the chairperson of the Board;
(b) four persons appointed by the Minister, of whom one shall be a person employed in connection with the training of candidate legal practitioners at the Centre;
(c) one legal practitioner in the full-time service of the State appointed by the Attorney-General;
(d) the Prosecutor-General;
(e) the Dean of the Faculty of Law of the University of Namibia; and
(f) three legal practitioners appointed by the Council.

(3) If, in the event of the appointment of a member required to be made by the Council in terms of subsection (2)(f), the Council fails to make such appointment within a period of 21 days after the despatch of a letter to it by the Minister in which it is reminded to make the appointment, the Minister may appoint any legal practitioner as the Minister thinks fit as such a member, and any such appointment by the Minister shall be deemed to have been made by the Council.

(4) Subject to section 10, the members of the Board appointed under paragraphs (b) and (f) of subsection (2) shall hold office for a period of three years, and may be reappointed at the expiration of that period.

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9. Alternate members of the Board

(1) The Chief Justice may appoint any judge of the Supreme Court or of the Court to act as chairperson of the Board during his or her absence from a meeting of the Board.

(2) The Minister and the Council may, in respect of each member appointed by them to the Board, appoint any other person to be the alternate of such member, but with due regard to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (f) of section 8(2).

(3) An alternate member appointed under subsection (2)-
(a) shall vacate his or her office if the member in respect of whom he or she has been appointed as alternate vacates his or her office;
(b) may act in the place of the member in respect of whom he or she has been appointed during such member's absence or inability to act as a member.

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10. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancies

(1) The office of a member of the Board appointed under section 8(2)(b) or (f) shall become vacant if-
(a) he or she resigns that office by notice in writing delivered to the Chief Justice;
(b) his or her estate is sequestrated;
(c) he or she is convicted of an offence and sentenced to a term of imprisonment without the option of a fine;
(d) he or she has been absent from three consecutive meetings of the Board without the leave of the Board, which shall not be granted for a period exceeding six months at a time;
(e) in the case of a member appointed by the Council, his or her name is struck off the Roll or he or she is suspended from practice under this Act; or
(f) he or she is removed from office under subsection (2).

(2) A member of the Board referred to in subsection (1) may be removed from office by the Minister if the Minister is satisfied that he or she is incapacitated by physical or mental illness.

(3) Where a member of the Board referred to in subsection (1) ceases to be a member before the expiration of his or her term of office, the vacancy shall, with due regard to the provisions of paragraph (b) or (f), as the case may be, of section 8(2), be filled by the appointment of another person for the unexpired portion of the period of office of the member whose office has become vacant.

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11. General functions of the Board

(1) In addition to any other powers and functions conferred upon and assigned to the Board by this Act, the functions of the Board shall be-
(a) to register candidate legal practitioners for training at the Centre and to keep a register in respect of such persons;
(b) to approve the syllabus of the course of post-graduate study;
(c) to lay down guidelines in relation to the nature of the practical training to be provided to candidate legal practitioners at the Centre and by legal practitioners to whom they are attached;
(d) (i) to act as moderator for the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination or to appoint any person or persons to act as such;
(ii) to set and hold from time to time the examination in conveyancing for the purposes of section 87;
(e) to issue certificates to-
(i) candidate legal practitioners who have passed the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination; and
(ii) legal practitioners who have passed the examination in conveyancing referred to in paragraph (d)(ii);
(f) to investigate and advise upon any legal education pertaining to the legal profession and any related matters-
(i) which the University of Namibia or any university or comparable educational institution outside Namibia may refer to it;
(ii) which the Minister may refer to it; or
(iii) which the Board may consider necessary or expedient;
(g) to collaborate with the Faculty of Law of the University of Namibia in designing the syllabus and determining any other requirements of the course of undergraduate study referred to in section 5(1)(c)(i); and
(h) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Minister or as it may consider necessary or expedient for the purposes of this Act.

(2) Where, for the purpose of making a recommendation to the Minister in terms of section 5(4), the Board is required to consider how a particular degree or equivalent qualification in law obtained outside Namibia compares with a degree in law obtained from the University of Namibia, the Board shall cause to be lodged with it originals or authenticated copies of certificates and of official transcripts issued by the competent authority of the relevant university or educational institution, or where such university or institution no longer exists, a verification by any other competent authority in the country where such university or institution was situated as to the certificates and official transcripts issued by the university or institution in question: Provided that if, in the case of a degree or qualification obtained before 21 March 1990, the Board is satisfied that neither the original or an authenticated copy of the certificate and the official transcripts can be provided for reasons which the Board considers sufficient and credible in the particular case, the Board may allow duplicates thereof to be lodged for the purpose of this subsection.
[Subsec (2) substituted by sec 1(a) of Act 4 of 1997.]

(3) The certificates and official transcripts lodged with the Board in terms of subsection (2), whether originals or authenticated copies or, where allowed, duplicates, shall be accepted as sufficient information to enable the Board to make its recommendation to the Minister.
[Subsec (3) substituted by sec 1(b) of Act 4 of 1997.]

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12. Committees of the Board
(1) The Board may establish one or more committees of the Board for the purpose of performing any function of the Board which the Board may deem fit to delegate to such a committee.

(2) A committee established under subsection (1) shall consist of such members of the Board, including alternate members, as the Board may appoint to the committee.

(3) The Board may designate any member of a committee to be the chairperson thereof.

(4) The Board shall not be divested of any power which has been delegated by it to a committee and may amend or set aside any decision of such a committee.

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13. Meetings of the Board

(1) The first meeting of the Board shall be convened by the chairperson of the Board and thereafter meetings shall be held at such times and places as the Board may determine.

(2) The chairperson of the Board may at any time convene a special meeting of the Board.

(3) The majority of the members of the Board shall form a quorum at a meeting of the Board.

(4) The decision of a majority of the members of the Board present at a meeting thereof shall constitute a decision of the Board, and in the event of an equality of votes in regard to any matter, the person presiding at the meeting shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

(5) The Board may determine the procedure at its meetings and the meetings of any of its committees.

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14. Performance of administrative work of the Board

(1) The administrative work pertaining to the functions of the Board or a committee of the Board shall be performed by officers in the Ministry of Justice made available for that purpose by the Permanent Secretary: Justice.

(2) The Permanent Secretary: Justice may designate an officer in the Ministry of Justice to act as secretary of the Board or of any committee of the Board.

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15. Remuneration and allowances of members of the Board

(1) A member or alternate member of the Board who is not in the full-time employment of the State shall be paid, in respect of any period during which he or she is engaged in the business of the Board and in respect of any travelling when so engaged, such remuneration and other allowances, if any, as the Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance, may determine.

(2) The remuneration and other allowances referred to in subsection (1) and other expenses pertaining to the performance of the functions of the Board shall be defrayed out of moneys appropriated by the National Assembly for the purpose..

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16. Justice Training Centre

(1) There shall, for the purposes of this Act, and subject to section 11(1)(b), be provided at the Justice Training Centre established by the University of Namibia, a course of post-graduate study for the training of candidate legal practitioners.

(2) The Centre shall upon the completion of the period of the course of post-graduate study-
(a) conduct the Legal Practitioners' Qualifying Examination under the control of the Board; and
(b) make the examination results available to the Board for its approval.

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PART II
PRIVILEGES RESTRICTIONS AND OFFENCES IN CONNECTION WITH PRACTICE
(ss 17-24)

17. Privileges of legal practitioners

Subject to the provisions of this Act, a legal practitioner shall have the right to practise the profession in Namibia and shall, without derogating from the generality of that right-
(a) have the right of audience in any court or tribunal in which persons are entitled by law to legal representation;
(b) if he or she holds, or is deemed to hold, the certificate in conveyancing referred to in section 87, have the right to present any document for registration in a deeds registry or for attestation or execution by the registrar of deeds;
(c) if he or she holds, or is deemed to hold, an appointment as notary public under section 86, have the right to perform any act which in terms of any law is required to be performed by a notary public.

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18. Right of audience in the Supreme Court

(1) A legal practitioner shall not have the right of audience in the Supreme Court of Namibia unless-
(a) he or she has practised the profession for a continuous period of, or for periods amounting in all to, not less than one year and he or she holds a certificate to that effect issued by the Council; or
(b) he or she was admitted to practise by virtue of the fact that he or she is duly qualified in accordance with the provisions of section 5(1)(cA).
[Subsec (1) substituted by sec 2 of Act 10 of 2002.]

(2) The Council shall, upon application made to it by a legal practitioner who satisfies the Council that he or she has practised the profession for a continuous period of, or for periods amounting in all to, not less than one year, issue to such legal practitioner a certificate as contemplated in subsection (1).

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19. Right of audience of candidate legal practitioners

A candidate legal practitioner to whom a certificate has been issued by the Centre certifying that such candidate legal practitioner has completed a period of six months training under the course of post-graduate study, shall have the right of audience-
(a) in any Lower Court in any matter; and
(b) in Chambers in any High Court proceedings,
but not after expiration of a period of two years after his or her registration as a candidate legal practitioner by the Board.

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20. Prohibition against practising without fidelity fund certificate

(1) Subject to section 91, a legal practitioner shall not practise on his or her own account or in partnership, unless he or she holds a fidelity fund certificate or is exempted from holding such a certificate by virtue of the provisions of section 67.

(2) A legal practitioner who practises or acts in contravention of subsection (1) shall not be entitled to any fee, reward or disbursement in respect of anything done by him or her while so practising or acting, and shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$200 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years.

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21. Certain offences by unqualified persons

(1) A person who is not enrolled as a legal practitioner shall not-
(a) practise, or in any manner hold himself or herself out as or pretend to be a legal practitioner;
(b) make use of the title of legal practitioner, advocate or attorney or any other word, name, title, designation or description implying or tending to induce the belief that he or she is a legal practitioner or is recognised by law as such;
(c) issue out any summons or process or commence, carry on or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in any court of law in the name or on behalf of any other person, except in so far as it is authorised by any other law; or
[Para (c) substituted by sec 2 of Act 4 of 1997.]
(d) perform any act which in terms of this Act or any regulation made under section 81(2)(d), he or she is prohibited from performing.

(2) A candidate legal practitioner shall not accept, hold or receive moneys for or on account of another person in the course of his or her training or attachment to a legal practitioner, or in the course of the conduct of the practice of the legal practitioner to whom he or she is attached.
[Subsec (2) substituted by sec 2 of Act 22 of 2002.]

(3) A person who contravenes any of the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction-
(a) in the case of a contravention of subsection (1), to a fine not exceeding N$100 000,00 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 5 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment; or
(b) in the case of a contravention of subsection (2), to a fine not exceeding N$50 000,00 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 30 months or to both such fine and such imprisonment.
[Subsec (3) added by sec 2 of Act 22 of 2002.]

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22. Unqualified persons not to prepare certain documents or instruments

(1) Any person, not being a legal practitioner, who prepares or draws up for or on behalf of any other person any of the following documents, namely-
(a) a will or other testamentary instrument;
(b) any contract, deed or instrument relating to the creation or dissolution of a partnership or a variation of the terms thereof;
(c) any contract, deed or instrument for the acquisition, disposal, exchange or lease of immovable property or a right relating to immovable property, other than a contract for the lease of immovable property for a period less than five years;
(d) the memorandum or articles of association or prospectus of a company,
and who charges, demands or receives any fee or reward, whether in cash or in any other form, or knowingly permits any other person to charge, demand or receive any such fee or reward, for the service rendered by him or her in connection with the preparation or drawing up of such document, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$100 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 5 years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

(2) The provisions of subsection (1) shall not apply to-
(a) any person in the employment of a legal practitioner preparing or drawing up any of the documents concerned in the course of his or her employment and on behalf of his or her employer;
(b) a person in the employment of the State or any body corporate established by any law, preparing or drawing up any of the documents or instruments concerned in the course of his or her official duties;
(c) a person acting in the capacity of trustee of an insolvent estate or executor, administrator or curator, or liquidator or judicial manager of a company or close corporation, or deputy-sheriff or messenger of the court by virtue of an appointment by a competent authority in terms of any law, drawing up or preparing any of the documents concern in the course of his or her statutory duties and receiving such fees as may be allowed by law; or
(d) a registered accountant and auditor who is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Namibia drawing up or preparing the memorandum or articles of association or prospectus of any company.

(3) No document or instrument referred to in subsection (1) shall be invalid by reason only of the fact that it has been drawn up or prepared in contravention of the provisions of that subsection.
[Sec 22 substituted by sec 3 of Act 4 of 1997.]

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23. Prohibition against practising by or in association with legal practitioners struck off the Roll or suspended from practice

(1) No person whose name has been struck off the Roll or who has been suspended from practice shall continue to practise as a legal practitioner directly or indirectly on his or her own account or in partnership or association with another person, nor shall he or she, except with the written consent of the Council, be employed in any capacity connected with the practice of a legal practitioner.

(2) No legal practitioner shall, in connection with his or her practice, without the written consent of the Council, employ or remunerate a person who is disqualified from practising by reason of the fact that his or her name has been struck off the Roll or that he or she is suspended from practising.

(3) The Council may, for the purposes of subsection (1) or (2), grant its consent for such period and subject to such conditions as the Council may think fit.

(4) A person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$50 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 2 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

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24. Saving in respect of certain officials acting under a delegation of the Prosecutor-General

Nothing in this Part shall be construed as preventing an official, not being enrolled as a legal practitioner, to whom the Prosecutor-General, acting under Article 88(2)(d) of the Namibian Constitution has delegated the authority to conduct criminal proceedings in any court from so conducting such proceedings.

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PART III
KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS BY LEGAL PRACTITIONERS
(ss 25-31)

25 .Legal practitioners' books of accounts and power of Council to inspect

(1) Every legal practitioner who in terms of this Act is required to hold a fidelity fund certificate shall keep, exclusively in respect of his or her practice, such books of account as may be necessary to show and distinguish in connection with such practice-
(a) moneys received and moneys paid on his or her own account;
(b) moneys received, held or paid by him or her for or on account of another person;
(c) moneys invested by him or her in a trust savings or other interest-bearing account referred to in section 26(2) or (3) and interest on moneys so invested which is paid over or credited to him or her;
(d) any interest on moneys deposited in his or her trust banking account opened in terms of section 26(1) and which is paid over or credited to him or her.

(2) In order to ascertain whether the provisions of subsection (1) and section 26 have been or are being complied with, the Council, acting either on its own motion or upon a written complaint lodged with it, may appoint a registered accountant and auditor who is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Namibia to inspect the books of account of a legal practitioner referred to in subsection (1).

(3) An accountant and auditor appointed in terms of subsection (2) shall report to the Council in such a manner as not to disclose confidential information entrusted to the legal practitioner whose books of account he or she has inspected.

(4) If, upon an inspection in terms of subsection (2), it is found that the legal practitioner has not complied with any of the provisions of subsection (1) or of section 26, the Council may recover from the legal practitioner concerned the costs of the inspection.

(5) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) "books of account" includes any record or document kept by or in the custody or under the control of a legal practitioner which relates to-
(a) money invested in a trust savings or other interest-bearing account referred to in section 26(2) or (3) or interest on money so invested;
(b) an estate of a deceased person or an insolvent estate or an estate placed under curatorship, in respect of which such legal practitioner is the executor, trustee or curator or which he or she administers on behalf of the executor, trustee or curator; or
(c) such legal practitioner's practice.

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26. Opening of trust banking account

(1) Every legal practitioner who holds or receives moneys for or on behalf of any person shall open and keep a separate trust banking account at a banking institution in which he or she shall deposit all such moneys.

(2)(a) A legal practitioner may invest in a separate trust savings or other interest-bearing account opened by him or her with a banking institution or building society moneys deposited in his or her trust banking account which is not immediately required for any particular purpose.
(b) A trust savings or other interest-bearing account referred to in paragraph (a) shall contain a reference to this subsection.

(3) A separate trust savings or other interest-bearing account-
(a) which is opened by a legal practitioner for the purpose of investing therein, on the instructions of any person, any moneys deposited in his or her trust banking account by that person; and
(b) over which the legal practitioner exercises exclusive control as trustee, agent or stakeholder or in any other fiduciary capacity,
shall contain a reference to this subsection.

(4) A legal practitioner shall, at the time and in the manner prescribed, pay over to the fund-
(a) the interest, if any, on moneys deposited in such legal practitioner's trust banking account in terms of subsection (1); and
(b) the interest on moneys invested by such legal practitioner in a separate trust savings or other interest-bearing account in terms of subsection (2).

(5) The investment by a legal practitioner of any moneys referred to in subsection (1) in a trust savings or other interest-bearing account referred to in subsection (2) or (3) shall not relieve such legal practitioner of any liability in respect of such moneys.

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27. Trust account moneys not part of the assets of legal practitioner

(1) Subject to subsection (2), an amount standing to the credit of a legal practitioner's trust account shall not-
(a) be regarded as forming part of the assets of the legal practitioner;
(b) be liable to attachment at the instance of or on behalf of a creditor of that legal practitioner.

(2) Any excess amount remaining on a legal practitioner's trust account after payment of-
(a) all claims of persons whose moneys have, or should have, been deposited or invested in such trust account; and
(b) all claims in respect of interest on moneys so invested, including a claim of the fund in respect of interest due to it in terms of section 26(4),
shall be deemed to form part of the assets of that legal practitioner.

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28. Control of operation of trust account

(1) The Court may, on application made by the Council, and on good cause shown, prohibit any legal practitioner from operating in any way on his or her trust account, and may appoint a curator bonis to control and administer such trust account with such rights, duties and powers in relation thereto as the Court may deem fit.

(2) If a legal practitioner-
(a) dies;
(b) becomes insolvent;
(c) in the case of a professional company, is liquidated or placed under judicial management, whether provisionally or finally;
(d) is struck off the Roll or suspended from practising;
(e) is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be incapable of managing his or her own affairs; or
(f) abandons his or her practice or ceases to practise,
the Master of the High Court may, upon application made by the Council or by a person having an interest in the trust account of that legal practitioner, appoint a curator bonis to control and administer that trust account with such of the prescribed rights, duties and powers as the Master may deem fit.

(3) A person aggrieved by a decision of the Master in terms of subsection (2), may, within 30 days after the decision becomes known to him or her, appeal against that decision to the Court, and the Court may confirm or vary the decision or give such other decision as in its opinion the Master ought to have given.

(4) Nothing contained in subsection (1) or (2) shall be construed as preventing any legal practitioner who was practising in partnership with a legal practitioner referred to in subsection (2) from continuing to operate on the trust account of the partnership.

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29. Rights and duties of banking institutions and building societies with respect to trust accounts

(1) A banking institution or building society at which a legal practitioner keeps his or her trust account or a separate account forming part of his or her trust account shall, whenever so directed by the Council, furnish the Council with a signed certificate which indicates the balance of such account at the date or dates designated by the Council.

(2) A banking institution or building society referred to in subsection (1), shall not-
(a) by reason only of the name or style by which a trust account referred to in that subsection is distinguished, be deemed to have knowledge that the legal practitioner is not entitled to all moneys paid into or credited to such account;
(b) have or obtain any recourse or right, whether by way of set-off, counter-claim, charge or otherwise, against moneys standing to the credit of any such account in respect of a liability of the legal practitioner to the banking institution or building society which is not a liability arising out of or in connection with that account.

(3) The provisions of subsection (2)(a) shall not be construed as relieving a banking institution or building society from a liability or obligation to which it would be subject apart from this Act.

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30. Rights of legal practitioner with respect to moneys in trust account

The provisions of this Part shall not be construed as taking away or affecting any just claim, lien, counter-claim, right of set-off, or charge of any kind which a legal practitioner has against or on any moneys held or received by him or her on account of another person.

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31. Offences in relation to trust accounts

A legal practitioner who contravenes or fails to comply with any of the provisions of section 25(1) or section 26(1), (2)(b), (3) or (4) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$200 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

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PART IV
DISCIPLINE AND REMOVAL FROM AND RESTORATION TO THE ROLL
(ss 32-39)

32. Removal from Roll or suspension from practice of legal practitioners

(1) The Court may, on application made to it in accordance with subsection (2), order that the name of a legal practitioner be struck off the Roll or that a legal practitioner be suspended from practice-
(a) if he or she no longer conforms to any of the requirements of section 4(1)(c); or
(b) if he or she is guilty of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct of a nature or under circumstances which, in the opinion of the Court, show that he or she is not a fit and proper person to continue to be a legal practitioner.

(2) An application in terms of subsection (1)-
(a) on any of the grounds mentioned in paragraph (a) thereof, shall be made by the Law Society;
(b) on the grounds mentioned in paragraph (b) thereof, shall be made by the Disciplinary Committee.

(3) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), if a complaint has been lodged with the Disciplinary Committee against a legal practitioner in accordance with section 35(1), the Court may, on application of the Law Society, make an order for the temporary suspension of that legal practitioner from practice pending the determination of the complaint, if the Court is satisfied-
(a) that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the legal practitioner is guilty of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct; and
(b) that the alleged conduct of the legal practitioner is of such serious nature that it is in the public interest or the interest of the legal practitioner's clients that the legal practitioner should be prevented from carrying on his or her practice until the disciplinary proceedings against the legal practitioner have been finalised or until further order.
[Subsec (3) added by sec 3 of Act 22 of 2002.]

(4) The Court may grant an order of temporary suspension under subsection (3) subject to such conditions as the Court may consider appropriate.
[Subsec (4) added by sec 3 of Act 22 of 2002.]

(5) An order of temporary suspension lapses upon expiry of a period of 30 days from the date on which the order was granted, but the Court may, upon application by the Law Society and upon good cause shown, extend that period for a further period not exceeding 30 days.
[Subsec (5) added by sec 3 of Act 22 of 2002.]

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33. Unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct

(1) For the purposes of this Act, unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct on the part of a legal practitioner includes-
(a) contravening section 20(1), 23(2), any of the provisions of Part III or section 67(3);
(b) subject to the provisions of any other law, making over to or sharing or dividing with any person, other than a legal practitioner in or outside Namibia, either by way of partnership, commission or allowance or in any other manner a portion of his or her professional fees;
(c) in any way assisting, allowing or enabling a person who is not a legal practitioner to charge, recover or receive a fee or derive remuneration in respect of or in connection with the preparation or execution of a document or the performance of any professional work which only a legal practitioner is permitted by law to prepare, execute or perform, or in any way conniving at an arrangement, agreement or understanding whatsoever whereby such fee or remuneration is or shall be charged, recovered or received by such unqualified person;
(d) allowing his or her name together with his or her qualifications as a legal practitioner to appear by way of advertisement or notification or information upon business letterheads, accounts or other documents whatsoever in conjunction with the name of a person who is not a legal practitioner so as to convey, or be capable of conveying, the impression that he or she is associated in his or her legal practice with that person;
(e) subject to the provisions of any other law, entering into a contract or partnership with or of employment by a person who is not a legal practitioner, the direct or indirect result of which is-
(i) to enable that person to enjoy, share or participate in fees reserved solely to a legal practitioner; or
(ii) to secure for the legal practitioner the benefit of professional business solicited by such person or any other unqualified person;
(f) accepting or agreeing or offering to accept, for any professional work performed or to be performed by him or her for or on behalf of any client, remuneration that is less than the minimum permitted to be charged in accordance with any rate or scale of charges prescribed under this Act or prescribed by or under any other law;
(g) acting or purporting to act for any person in any matter without having been instructed by that person or a person authorised to give instruction on behalf of the person he or she represents or is to represent;
(h) wilfully misleading a court or tribunal, or allowing it to be misled;
(i) directly or indirectly procuring or attempting to procure the employment of himself or herself, or his or her partner or assistant, as a legal practitioner through or by the intervention of another person to whom remuneration for obtaining such employment has been given by him or her, or agreed or promised to be so given;
(j) deceiving or misleading a client or allowing the client to be deceived or misled in any respect material to such client.

(2) The provisions of subsection (1) shall not restrict the power of the Court or the Disciplinary Committee to determine that an act or omission not specified in subsection (1) or any other law, constitutes unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct on the part of a legal practitioner.

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34. Disciplinary Committee

(1) For the purpose of exercising disciplinary control over legal practitioners and candidate legal practitioners in accordance with the provisions of this Act, there shall be a committee to be called the Disciplinary Committee, which shall consist of-
(a) four legal practitioners appointed by the Council; and
(b) one person appointed by the Minister, who shall act as secretary of the Disciplinary Committee.

(2) If the Council fails or refuses to make an appointment in terms of subsection (1)(a) within a period of 21 days after the Minister in writing has reminded the Council to make the appointment, the Minister may appoint any legal practitioner whom he or she deems fit as a member of the Disciplinary Committee and any such appointment by the Minister shall be deemed to have been made by the Council.

(3) A member of the Disciplinary Committee shall hold office for a period of two years from the date of his or her appointment and shall be eligible for reappointment.

(4) During the temporary absence of any member of the Disciplinary Committee or in the event of any such member's inability to act, the Council or the Minister, as the case may be, shall appoint another person to act as a temporary member in the place of the member who is absent or unable to act, and the provisions of subsection (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

(5) The members of the Disciplinary Committee shall elect a chairperson from among their number, and in his or her absence, the remaining members and any temporary members appointed in terms of subsection (4) shall from among their number appoint an acting chairperson.

(6) Three members of the Disciplinary Committee shall form a quorum at a meeting thereof.

(7) A question before the Disciplinary Committee shall be decided by a majority of votes of the members present, and in the event of an equality of votes in regard to any matter, the person presiding at the meeting shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

(8) The Disciplinary Committee may determine the procedure at its meetings.

(9) Members of the Disciplinary Committee who are not in the full-time employment of the State shall, in respect of expenses incurred by them in connection with travelling and accommodation when discharging their duties, be paid such allowances as the Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance, may determine.

(10) The administrative and clerical work of the Disciplinary Committee shall be performed by officers in the Ministry of Justice made available by the Permanent Secretary: Justice for the purpose.

(11) The expenses incidental to the functions of the Disciplinary Committee, including the remuneration of members in accordance with subsection (9), shall be defrayed from moneys appropriated by the National Assembly for that purpose.

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35. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to legal practitioners

(1) An application by the Council, or a person affected by the conduct of a legal practitioner, to require a legal practitioner to answer allegations of alleged unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct, shall be made to and be heard by the Disciplinary Committee in accordance with the rules made under section 39.

(2) Where in the opinion of the Disciplinary Committee an application made in terms of subsection (1) does not disclose a prima facie case of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct on the part of the legal practitioner concerned, the Disciplinary Committee may summarily dismiss such application without requiring the legal practitioner to answer the allegations and without hearing the application.

(3) An applicant who is aggrieved by the decision of the Disciplinary Committee under subsection (2) may appeal to the Court against that decision, and the Court may either confirm the decision of the Disciplinary Committee or order the Disciplinary Committee to hear the application and deal with it in accordance with subsection (4).

(4) Where in the opinion of the Disciplinary Committee an application made in terms of subsection (1) discloses a prima facie case of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct on the part of a legal practitioner or where an order contemplated in subsection (3) has been made by the Court, the Disciplinary Committee shall-
(a) fix a date and the time and place for the hearing of the application and notify the applicant and the legal practitioner concerned thereof; and
(b) not later than 14 days before the date fixed for the hearing of the application, furnish the legal practitioner concerned with a copy of any affidavit made in support of the application and shall give him or her an opportunity to inspect any document lodged with the Disciplinary Committee in relation to the application.

(5) The Disciplinary Committee may appoint a legal practitioner to lead evidence at the hearing of the application and to cross-examine the legal practitioner to whom the application relates and witnesses called by him or her and to present argument.

(6) A legal practitioner shall be entitled to legal representation at the hearing of an application by the Disciplinary Committee.

(7) At the conclusion of the hearing of an application the Disciplinary Committee-
(a) if it is satisfied that a case of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct has not been made out against the legal practitioner, shall dismiss the application;
(b) if it is satisfied that the legal practitioner is guilty of the unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct alleged in the application or in respects other than those so alleged, shall act in accordance with the provisions of either subsection (8) or (9).

(8) If the Disciplinary Committee is of the opinion that the unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct of which the legal practitioner is guilty does not justify an application to the Court for an order to strike the legal practitioner's name from the Roll or to suspend him or her from practice, and that the case may adequately be dealt with by itself, it may-
(a) reprimand the practitioner; or
(b) reprimand him or her and impose upon him or her a penalty not exceeding N$10 000.

(9) If the Disciplinary Committee is of the opinion that the unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct of which the legal practitioner is guilty justifies an application to the Court for an order to strike the legal practitioner's name from the Roll or to suspend him or her from practice, it shall proceed to make such application to the Court in terms of section 32.

(10) A legal practitioner upon whom a penalty has been imposed by the Disciplinary Committee under subsection (8)(b) may, within 30 days of the notification to him or her of the decision of the Disciplinary Committee, appeal to the Court against that decision.

(11) The Disciplinary Committee, when acting in accordance with the provisions of subsection (8), may make such order as to the reimbursement of costs incurred by the Disciplinary Committee in connection with the application, including witness expenses, as it may think fit.

(12) Any penalty imposed under subsection (8)(b) and any costs payable in accordance with subsection (11) shall-
(a) be moneys owing to the State Revenue Fund; and
(b) be recoverable by legal process in the magistrate's court.

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36. Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee with respect to candidate legal practitioners

(1) In disciplining a candidate legal practitioner, the Disciplinary Committee may-
(a) reprimand the candidate legal practitioner;
(b) reprimand and order the candidate legal practitioner to pay a penalty not exceeding N$1 000; or
(c) withdraw his or her registration as a candidate legal practitioner, either indefinitely or for such period as the Disciplinary Committee may determine.

(2) The grounds and procedure for disciplinary action by the Disciplinary Committee against candidate legal practitioners and the conditions for renewing their registration as candidate legal practitioners, shall be as prescribed by the Minister by regulations made under section 81(1).

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37. Power of Court

If, in determining an application made to it in terms of section 32, the Court finds that the legal practitioner to whom the application relates is guilty of unprofessional or dishonourable or unworthy conduct, it may, if in the circumstances of the case it thinks fit so to do, and instead of granting an order that the name of the legal practitioner be struck off the Roll or that he or she be suspended from practice-
(a) reprimand the legal practitioner; or
(b) reprimand and order the legal practitioner to pay a penalty not exceeding N$ 10 000;
and may make any order as to restitution in relation to the case..

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38. Restoration to Roll

(1) A person whose name has been struck off the Roll, and a person whose name was removed from the roll of attorneys or the roll of advocates under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979) or the Admission of Advocates Act, 1964 (Act 74 of 1964) before the commencement of this Act, may apply to the Court to have his or her name restored to the Roll.

(2) An application in terms of subsection (1) shall be made in terms of the Rules of Court, and shall be accompanied by recommendations in support thereof of the Council and the Disciplinary Committee.

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39. Rules governing Disciplinary Committee

(1) The Minister, upon the recommendation of the Disciplinary Committee, may make rules for regulating the making, hearing and determining of applications to the Disciplinary Committee in terms of section 35(1).

(2) For the purposes of the hearing of an application in terms of section 35 the Disciplinary Committee may-
(a) summon any person, whether of its own accord or at the request of the applicant or the legal practitioner to whom the application relates, to appear before it at a time and place specified in the summons and to give evidence in relation to any matter concerning the application or to produce any book, document, record or thing having a bearing on the application.
(b) through the chairperson administer an oath to or take an affirmation from, any person appearing before it to give evidence;
(c) put questions to any person appearing before it as a witness or require him or her to produce any book, document, record or thing in his or her possession or custody or under his or her control.

(3) A person who gives evidence before the Disciplinary Committee shall be subject to all the obligations and be entitled to all the privileges, including witness fees, to which a witness is subject or entitled in civil proceedings in the magistrates' courts.

(4) A person who has been summoned to attend before the Disciplinary Committee and who-
(a) refuses or fails without reasonable and sufficient cause to attend and give evidence relevant to the hearing at the time and place stated in the summons;
(b) refuses to take the oath or make an affirmation when required to do so by the chairperson;
(c) refuses or fails without reasonable and sufficient cause to produce any document, record, book or thing which he or she has been required in the summons to produce;
(d) refuses to answer or to answer fully and satisfactorily to the best of his or her knowledge and belief a question lawfully put to him or her, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$5 000.

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PART V
LAW SOCIETY OF NAMIBIA
(ss 40-52)

40. Establishment of Law Society

There is hereby established the Law Society of Namibia which shall by that name be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal, and which shall be capable of suing and being sued and, subject to the provisions of this Act, do and suffer all such acts and things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and suffer.

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41. Objects of Law Society

The objects of the Law Society shall be-
(a) to maintain and enhance the standards of conduct and integrity of all members of the legal profession;
(b) to present the views of the legal profession;
(c) to further the development of law as an instrument of social engineering and social justice;
(d) to encourage and promote efficiency in and responsibility in relation to the profession;
(e) to promote the education of lawyers at all stages and levels, with particular emphasis on the broadening of such education;
(f) to make recommendations to interested parties in relation to the training of lawyers;
(g) to define and enforce correct and uniform practice and discipline among members;
(h) to give all necessary assistance to the effective implementation of any legal aid scheme established and governed by or under any law;
(i) to promote social intercourse among members;
(j) to consider and deal with all matters affecting the professional interest of members;
(k) to co-operate with the representative bodies of other professional bodies;
(l) to promote applied research in the development of the law and participate in the reform of the law by the Government and other agencies;
(m) to seek the enhancement of the Rule of Law and promote the protection of human rights;
(n) to represent, protect and assist members with regard to their conditions of practice and related matters.

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42. Powers of Law Society

The Law Society may for the purpose of the attainment of its objects-
(a) acquire or hire movable or immovable property;
(b) develop, hypothecate, let, sell or otherwise dispose of movable or immovable property of the Law Society;
(c) make charitable donations and grants-in-aid in support of projects which would benefit the legal profession;
(d) accept, draw, endorse, issue, make, pay or perform any other act in respect of negotiable instruments;
(e) invest the funds of the Law Society which are not immediately required upon such security as may from time to time be determined by the Council;
(f) raise or borrow money, in such manner as the Council may think fit, which is required by the Law Society in connection with its functions;
(g) employ, and determine the remuneration and other conditions of service of the staff of the Law Society;
(h) conclude an agreement with any person for the performance of any particular act or particular work or the rendering of particular services;
(i) enter into contracts in connection with the carrying out of its duties, the performance of its functions or the exercise of its powers;
(j) establish or promote or administer or assist in the establishment, promotion or administration of-
(i) insurance schemes;
(ii) medical aid schemes or medical benefit schemes;
(iii) pension funds or provident funds or pension schemes or benevolent schemes, to benefit members and former members of the Law Society, employees of members, officials and employees of the Law Society and the dependants of such members, former members, officials and employees;
(k) appear in support of or in opposition to, or abide by the decision of any court, in any proceedings brought in terms of the provisions of this Act and, if permitted by any other law, such other law;
(l) appoint representatives of the Law Society to serve on a board, committee, institution or any other body where or when required to do so by or under any law;
(m) do anything that is necessary for or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Law Society.

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43. Membership of Law Society

(1) Every person enrolled as a legal practitioner in terms of this Act shall be a member of the Law Society.

(2) A member who is suspended from practice in terms of this Act shall not be entitled to the rights and privileges of membership of the Law Society during the period of his or her suspension, and a member whose name is struck off the Roll shall cease to be a member of the Law Society.

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44. General meetings of Law Society

(1) Once in each calendar year there shall he held a general meeting of members of the Law Society: Provided that the first annual general meeting of the Law Society shall be held not later than four months after the date of commencement of this Act.

(2) The business to be transacted at the annual general meeting shall include-
(a) the election of members of the Council to serve during the ensuing year;
(b) the appointment of an auditor; and
(c) the consideration of any business of which due notice has been given in accordance with subsection (4).

(3) The Council may at any time, and shall if demanded by at least one-tenth of the members of the Law Society convene a special general meeting of members of the Law Society.

(4) At least 21 days prior to the date fixed for an annual general meeting or a special general meeting written notice of the meeting shall be sent to each member of the Law Society.

(5) A quorum for an annual or a special general meeting of the Law Society shall be one-fifth of the members of the Law Society, either present or represented.

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45 .Council of Law Society

(1) For the proper and effective management of the affairs of the Law Society there shall be an executive committee, to be known as the Council, consisting of eight members elected by the Law Society, subject to subsection (3), in an annual general meeting from among its members in the prescribed manner, of whom-
(a) at least four shall be racially disadvantaged legal practitioners; and
(b) at least four shall be legal practitioners who are in private practice.

(2) As soon after the election of members of the Council as it is practicable to do so, the Council shall elect from among its members a chairperson and a vice-chairperson: Provided that-
(a) the chairpersonship shall consecutively rotate between a racially disadvantaged legal practitioner and a racially advantaged legal practitioner; and
(b) if a racially disadvantaged legal practitioner is elected chairperson, the vice-chairperson shall be a racially advantaged person and vice versa.

(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1) the Law Society shall convene a general meeting of the Law Society to take place not later than 30 days after the date of commencement of the Legal Practitioners Second Amendment Act, 2002, or such later date as the Minister may approve, for the purpose of an election of members of the Council in accordance with subsections (1) and (2), and until that election is completed, the persons who immediately before such date of commencement or such later date, as the case may be, held office as members shall continue to hold office as members of the Council as if that Act had not been passed.

(4) The persons elected at the general meeting referred to in subsection (3) hold office until the close of the annual general meeting of the Law Society to be held in 2003, and with effect from that annual general meeting, members of the Council hold office for a period of 2 years: Provided that in the case of members elected at that meeting-
(a) four members determined by lot shall hold office for 2 years; and
(b) the other four members shall hold office for one year, whereafter all members hold office for 2 years.

(5) A member of the Council whose term of office expires is eligible for re-election.

(6) If for any reason the Law Society fails to elect a successor for a member of the Council whose term of office expires, that member shall continue in office until his or her successor is elected.
[Sec 45 substituted by sect 4 of Act 22 of 2002.]

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46. Vacation of office and filling of casual vacancy in Council

(1) A member shall vacate his or her office in the Council-
(a) if he or she, without the leave of the chairperson, is absent from Namibia for a continuous period of six months or he or she has failed to attend four consecutive meetings of the Council; or
(b) in such other circumstances as may be prescribed by the Council.

(2) When a member of the Council vacates his or her office before the expiration of his or her term of office, the Council may appoint another member of the Law Society to fill the vacancy for the unexpired portion of such term of office.

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47. Duties of Council

The Council shall-
(a) with due regard to the provisions of section 44 (1), convene general meetings of the Law Society, and determine the date, time and place of such meetings and the business to be transacted at such meetings;
(b) make rules providing for the procedure at general meetings of the Law Society, and the manner in which motions shall be submitted to such meetings;
(c) deposit all moneys of the Law Society received by it with a banking institution or a building society;
(d) keep proper books of account, showing revenue and expenditure and record of assets and liabilities of the Law Society.

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48. Powers of Council

The Council may exercise the powers of the Law Society and, without limiting the generality of that power, may-
(a) prescribe the books, records, certificates or other documents to be kept, maintained or issued for the purposes of this Act, the form thereof, the inspection thereof by persons authorised to do so by the Council, and the circumstances and manner in which alterations may be effected thereto;
(b) fix the subscriptions, fees, levies or other charges which shall, subject to subsection (2), be payable to the Law Society by the members of the Law Society;
(c) prescribe the information to be furnished to the secretary of the Law Society by any person who-
(i) commences or discontinues to practise as a legal practitioner;
(ii) takes up employment or ceases to be employed as a legal practitioner;
(iii) enters into or withdraws from a partnership with any other legal practitioner;
(iv) while practising as a legal practitioner changes his or her business or residential address;
(d) prescribe the manner of assessment of the fees payable by any person to a legal practitioner in respect of the performance on behalf of such person of non-litigious work and in respect of expenses reasonably incurred by the legal practitioner in connection with the performance of that work and, at the request of such person or legal practitioner or of its own accord, assess such fees in the prescribed manner;
(e) pay an allowance to any person to cover expenses reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with any act performed at the request or under the directions of the Council on behalf of or for the benefit of the Law Society;
(f) subject to such conditions as it may deem fit to impose, permit members of the Law Society to form associations of such members, to be known as regional circles, in respect of such regions as the Council may determine from time to time, and-
(i) determine the duties, functions and powers of such circles;
(ii) designate in respect of each such circle a place as its headquarters; and
(iii) determine the constitution of bodies to be responsible for the management of the affairs of such circles;
(g) prescribe the conditions under which a legal practitioner may practise at a branch office or in association with another legal practitioner or another person who carries on the practice of a lawyer outside Namibia;
(h) prescribe the allowance on fees earned by a legal practitioner for professional services which such legal practitioner is permitted to make to another legal practitioner or to a person carrying on the practice of a lawyer outside Namibia with whom he or she is not in partnership in respect of any matter on which they were both engaged;
(i) determine the manner in which the Council shall conduct its business;
(j) do anything which is required for the proper and effective carrying out of its duties, the performance of its functions or the exercise of its powers.

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49. Committees of Council

(1) The Council may appoint one or more committees to assist it in the exercise of its functions, and may at any time alter the constitution of such a committee and fill a vacancy which occurs in the membership thereof.

(2) The Council may include as a member of a committee any member of the Law Society who is not a member of the Council.

(3) The members of a committee shall elect from among their number the chairperson of the committee.

(4) The Council may delegate and assign to a committee appointed in terms of subsection (1) such of its powers and functions as it may deem fit, but shall not be divested of any power so delegated, and may amend or withdraw a decision of such a committee.

(5) A committee may determine the procedure to be followed at its meetings.

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50. Meetings of Council

(1) A meeting of the Council shall be convened and the proceedings thereof shall be regulated in the manner prescribed.

(2) If the chairperson of the Council is absent from a meeting of the Council, the vice-chairperson shall preside at that meeting and, if both the chairperson and the vice-chairperson are absent, the members present shall appoint one of their number to preside.

(3) The quorum for a meeting of the Council shall be five members.

(4) The decision of the majority of the members of the Council present at a meeting shall be a decision of the Council and, in the event of an equality of votes, the person presiding at the meeting shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

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51. Income of Law Society exempt from tax

The income of the Law Society from whatever source shall be exempt from any tax or levy payable under any law relating to taxes on income.

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52. Power of Council to make rules

(1) The Council may, subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3), make rules relating to-
(a) matters required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the Council;
(b) the registers and other records to be kept for the purposes of the Law Society;
(c) the method of the investigation of complaints against legal practitioners;
(d) the accounts and records to be kept in relation to the affairs and assets of the Law Society;
(e) ......
[Para (e) deleted by sec 5 of Act 22 of 2002.]
(f) the conditions under which and activities for which persons other than legal practitioners may be employed by legal practitioners to assist them in their practices;
(g) any other matters which the Council considers it necessary or expedient to prescribe for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.

(2) Any rule referred to in subsection (1) shall be made with the approval of the Chief Justice.

(3) The Council shall not submit any draft rule to the Chief Justice for approval unless such draft rule has been approved at a general meeting of the Law Society.

(4) An assessment of fees in terms of a rule made under section 48(d) shall be subject to review in all respects as if it were a determination by an officer of the Court charged with the taxation of fees and charges.

(5) Rules made under subsection (1) shall come into operation on the date of publication thereof in the Gazette or on a subsequent date fixed in the notice of publication.

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PART VI
LEGAL PRACTITIONERS' FIDELITY FUND
(ss 53-78)

53. Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund

The Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund established by section 2 of the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Act, 1990 (Act 22 of 1990), shall, notwithstanding the repeal of that Act by this Act, continue to exist under the same name.

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54. Purpose of fund

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the fund shall be applied for the purpose of reimbursing persons who may suffer pecuniary loss as a result of-
(a) theft committed by a legal practitioner or a candidate legal practitioner attached to, or a person employed by such a legal practitioner, of any money or other property entrusted by or on behalf of such persons to the legal practitioner or to such a candidate legal practitioner or a person employed in the course of the legal practitioner's practice or while acting as executor or administrator in the estate of a deceased person or as a trustee in an insolvent estate or in any other similar capacity; and
(b) theft of money or other property entrusted to an employee referred to in paragraph (cA) of the definition of "estate agent" in section 1 of the Estate Agents Act, 1976 (Act 112 of 1976), or a legal practitioner referred to in paragraph (d) of that definition, and which has been committed by any such person under the circumstances, and in the performance of an act, contemplated in those paragraphs, respectively.

(2) The Fund shall not be applied to reimburse any person as contemplated in subsection (1), unless, in the case of a theft committed by-
(a) a legal practitioner, the legal practitioner was at the time of the theft the holder of a fidelity fund certificate or an exemption granted by the Council under section 67(2);
(b) a candidate legal practitioner, the candidate legal practitioner was at the time of the theft attached to a legal practitioner contemplated in paragraph (a); or
(c) a person employed by a legal practitioner, the legal practitioner by whom such person was employed at the time of the theft was a legal practitioner contemplated in paragraph (a).
[Subsec (2) added by sec 4 of Act 4 of 1997.]

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55. Fund to vest in and to be held in trust by board of control

(1) The fund shall vest in and be administrated by a board of control to be known as the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control.

(2) The fund shall be held in trust by the board of control for the purposes mentioned in this Part.

(3) The board of control may under its name sue and be sued.

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56. Constitution of board of control

(1) The board of control shall consist of-
(a) the chairperson of the Council; and
(b) three legal practitioners appointed annually by the Council, of whom at least two shall be legal practitioners who are not members of the Council, and at least two are persons who have been engaged in private practice for a period of not less than five years.

(2) The Council may appoint an alternate member from among its number to act in the place of the chairperson of the Council during his or her absence or inability to act as a member of the board of control.

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57. Period of office of members of board of control

A member of the board of control appointed under section 56 (1) (b) shall hold office until his or her successor has been appointed and, unless another is appointed in his or her place in any year, he or she shall be deemed to have been reappointed.

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58. Vacation of office by members of the board of control

(1) A member of the board of control shall vacate his or her office if he or she-
(a) ceases to be a legal practitioner or is suspended from so practising;
(b) resigns and his or her resignation is accepted by the Council; or
(c) is removed from office under subsection (2).

(2) A member of the board of control referred to in subsection (1) may be removed from office by the Council if he or she-
(a) is incapacitated by physical or mental illness;
(b) is convicted of an offence which, in the opinion of the Council, debars him or her from serving as a member of the board of control.

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59. Chairperson of board of control

(1) The board of control shall annually elect one of their number, other than the chairperson of the Council, to be the chairperson of the board of control.

(2) If the chairperson is absent from a meeting of the board of control, the board shall from among its number elect a chairperson for that meeting.

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60. Meetings of board of control

(1) The board of control shall meet at such times and at such place as it or its chairperson may determine from time to time.

(2) Three members of the board of control shall constitute a quorum at a meeting thereof.

(3) The decision of the majority of the members of the board of control present at a meeting thereof shall be a decision of the board of control and, in the event of an equality of votes, the person presiding shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

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61. Committees of board of control

(1) The board of control may appoint one or more committees to assist in the exercise of its functions, and may at any time alter the constitution of such a committee and fill a vacancy which occurs in the membership thereof.

(2) The members of a committee appointed in terms of subsection (1) shall from among their number elect the chairperson of the committee.

(3) The board of control may-

(a) delegate and assign to a committee appointed in terms of subsection (1) such of its powers and functions as it may think fit;
(b) instruct such a committee, either generally or in a specific case, to enquire into and to advise the board of control on any matter in relation to the functions of the board of control.

(4) The board of control shall not be divested of any power delegated to a committee thereof and may amend or withdraw a decision of such a committee.

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62. Validity of resolution signed by all members of board of control

A resolution in writing of the board of control signed by all its members shall be as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the board.

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63. Revenue of fund

The fund shall consist of-
(a) the annual contributions by legal practitioners and interest paid to the fund in terms of this Act;
(b) the revenue obtained from investments of the fund;
(c) money recovered for the benefit of the fund;
(d) money received on behalf of the fund from an insurance company under a contract of indemnity referred to in section 66;
(e) other money lawfully paid into the fund.

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64. Banking account

(1) Money in the fund shall be paid into an account at a banking institution or building society to the credit of an account to be known as the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Account.

(2) The board of control may from time to time invest moneys of the fund which are not immediately required for the purposes mentioned in this Act.

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65. Audit

(1) The accounts of the fund shall be audited by a registered accountant and auditor appointed by the board of control.

(2) A person appointed under subsection (1) shall, at least once in every year and not later than a date to be determined by the board of control, draw up a balance sheet and profit and loss account of the fund and forthwith submit certified copies thereof and of his or her report thereon to the chairperson of the board of control and to the Council.

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66. Insurance contracts for purpose of indemnifying fund and legal practitioners

(1) The board of control may enter into a contract with a person or company carrying on fidelity insurance business whereby the fund will be indemnified to the extent and in the manner provided in such contract against liability to pay claims under this Act.

(2) A contract referred to in subsection (1) shall be entered into in respect of legal practitioners generally.

(3) A claimant against the board of control shall not have-
(a) a right of action against a person or company with whom a contract of indemnity has been entered into in terms of this section, in respect of such contract; or
(b) a right to any money paid by the insurer in accordance with such contract.

(4) Any money paid by an insurer in accordance with a contract of indemnity shall be paid into the fund for appropriation by the board of control.

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67. Exemption of certain legal practitioners from requirement to hold a fidelity fund certificate

(1) A legal practitioner who is in the full-time employment of the State or of a law centre or who is not practising on his or her own account or in partnership or who is exempted under subsection (2) shall, subject to subsection (3), not be required to obtain and hold a fidelity fund certificate.

(2) Upon application made to it by a legal practitioner practising or intending to practise as a legal practitioner for his or her own account or in partnership, the Council may exempt such practitioner from holding a fidelity fund certificate if-
(a) in the case of a legal practitioner practising or intending to practise on his or her own account, such legal practitioner furnishes the Council with a written declaration stating that he or she will not in the conduct of his or her practice accept or receive or hold moneys for or on account of another person; or
(b) in the case of a legal practitioner practising or intending to practise in partnership, such legal practitioner furnishes the Council with a written declaration signed by every person who is or will be a member of such partnership stating that neither such partnership nor any member thereof will in the conduct of the practice of the partnership accept or receive or hold moneys for or on account of another person.

(3) Any legal practitioner who has been exempted under subsection (2) from holding a fidelity fund certificate and who in the conduct of his or her practice accepts or receives or holds any money for or on account of another person, without first obtaining a fidelity fund certificate in accordance with the provisions of section 68 shall not be entitled to any fee, reward or disbursement in respect of anything done by him or her while so practising and shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$200 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

(4) An exemption contemplated in subsection (2) may be granted by the Council to a legal practitioner subject to such conditions as the Council may determine, including a condition requiring the legal practitioner to furnish the Council with a guarantee of fidelity in favour of the fund, in a form and by a person approved by the Council, guaranteeing the fidelity of such legal practitioner to an amount determined by the Council.
[Subsec (4) added by sec 5 of Act 4 of 1997.]

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68. Application for and issue of fidelity fund certificate

(1) A legal practitioner practising or intending to practise on his or her own account or in partnership shall, unless he or she is exempted in terms of section 67, apply in the prescribed form to the secretary of the Law Society for a fidelity fund certificate.

(2) An application in terms of subsection (1) shall be accompanied by the contribution, if any, payable in terms of section 69.

(3) Upon receipt of the application in terms of subsection (1), the secretary of the Law Society shall forthwith issue to the applicant a fidelity fund certificate in the prescribed form if he or she is satisfied that the applicant-
(a) has discharged all his or her liabilities to the Law Society in respect of his or her contribution; and
(b) has complied with any other lawful requirement of the Law Society.

(4) A fidelity fund certificate shall be valid until 31 December of the year in respect of which it was issued.

(5) A document purporting to be a fidelity fund certificate which has been issued contrary to the provisions of this Act shall be null and void and shall on demand be returned to the Law Society.

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69. Contributions to fund by legal practitioners

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, every legal practitioner practising on his or her own account or in partnership shall annually when he or she applies for a fidelity fund certificate pay the amount as may be fixed by the board of control from time to time.

(2) Where a legal practitioner commences to practise as such on or after 1 July in any year, he or she shall in respect of that year pay half of the amount of the contribution which is payable for that year in terms of subsection (1).

(3) When the board of control, or the Law Society on behalf of the board of control, gives notice in writing to legal practitioners that the nett value of the fund exceeds N$3 000 000 all legal practitioners who are liable to pay the annual contribution referred to in subsection (1) shall, as from a date determined by the board of control and specified in the notice, no longer be required to pay that contribution, except if the liability to pay that contribution is recommenced by virtue of a notice given in terms of subsection (4).

(4) Where, at any time after a notice in terms of subsection (3) has been given, the board of control, or the Law Society on behalf of the board of control, gives notice in writing to legal practitioners that the nett value of the fund is less than N$3 000 000, every legal practitioner referred to in subsection (1) shall, as from a date determined by the board of control and specified in the notice, again be liable to pay the annual contribution referred to in subsection (1), whereupon the notice previously given in terms of subsection (3) shall lapse.

(5) For the purposes of subsections (3) and (4), "nett value of the fund" means all moneys standing to the credit of the fund in terms of section 63, less the sum of all unpaid claims and other liabilities outstanding against the fund

(6) Where the liability in respect of the annual contribution imposed by subsection (1) is suspended by virtue of the provisions of subsection (3), a legal practitioner who applies for the first time for a fidelity fund certificate while such a suspension is in force shall pay a single contribution in the amount as determined by the board of control, and be subject to any subsequent recommencement of that liability notified in terms of subsection (4).

(7) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3), the board of control may require a legal practitioner in respect of whom the fund has been applied as a result of any of the circumstances referred to in section 54 to pay the annual contribution referred to in subsection (1) to the fund for such period as the board of control may determine.

(8) A legal practitioner who is not in possession of a fidelity fund certificate and who intends to commence to practise on his or her own account or in partnership, shall, before commencing so to practise, give notice of such intention to the secretary of the Law Society, and he or she shall thereupon become liable to pay to the fund the amount of the contribution referred to in subsection (1) or (6), as the case may be, unless he or she is exempted in terms of section 67 from holding a fidelity fund certificate.

(9) All contributions payable under this section shall be paid to the Law Society, and the Law Society shall remit such contributions to the board of control within 30 days of receipt thereof.

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70. Payments from fund

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the fund shall be applied for the following purposes, namely-
(a) all claims, including costs, payable in terms of this Act, and interest as provided in subsection (2);
(b) in the discretion of the board of control, a contribution towards expenses incurred by a claimant in establishing his or her claim;
(c) legal expenses incurred in defending a claim made against the fund or otherwise incurred in relation to the fund;
(d) premiums payable in respect of contracts of insurance entered into by the board of control under section 66;
(e) expenses incurred in the administration of the fund and investigations by the board of control or its committees in respect of matters which concern the fund, including allowances to members of the board of control in respect of their services or their reasonable travelling and accommodation expenses incurred in connection with the affairs of the fund;
(f) in the discretion of the board of control, the bank charges or a portion thereof paid by a legal practitioner in connection with the keeping of a trust account;
(g) in the discretion of the board of control, the premium or a portion thereof payable in respect of a professional indemnity group insurance policy taken out in favour of legal practitioners;
(h) in the discretion of the board of control, the costs or a portion thereof incurred by a legal practitioner in connection with the obtaining of a fidelity fund certificate;
(i) in the discretion of the board of control, the defraying of the whole or a portion of the cost and expenses incurred by the Law Society for the purposes of or in connection with steps taken by it in terms of section 25 or 32;
(j) loans and interest thereon;
(k) other moneys which are payable or may be paid from the fund in accordance with this Act.

(2) The board of control may in its discretion pay an amount out of the fund as interest on the amount of any judgement obtained or a claim admitted against the fund, but the rate of interest shall not exceed the prevailing rate of interest prescribed under section 1(2) of the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act, 1975 (Act 55 of 1975).

(3) If the amount of the fund, including the assets thereof, is less than N$ 100 000 or fifty per cent of the total income of the fund for the previous year (whichever is the greater), the board of control may in its discretion refuse to pay or postpone the payment of any amount for any of the purposes mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b), (f), (g), (h) and (i) of subsection (1).

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71. Grants from fund for education or research in law and for enhancement of professional standards of legal practitioners

If the amount of the fund exceeds the sum of N$ 1 000 000, the board of control may out of the excess in question-
(a) with the approval of the Council, make grants on such condition as the board of control may determine with such approval-
(i) to any person or institution for tertiary education for the purposes of education or research in the science of law or in legal practice;
(ii) for the purpose of the furtherance of the administration or dispensation of justice;
(iii) to assist in the representation of members of the Law Society in participating in the activities of any international or regional association of legal practitioners where such participation is, in the opinion of the board of control, in the interests of the Law Society or the administration of justice in Namibia, or of education in the science of law or in legal practice, and may, with such approval, at any time revoke such grant or a part thereof;
(b) pay an honorarium or compensation to a person for services rendered at the request of the board of control with the object of enhancing the professional standards of legal practitioners;
(c) contribute towards the costs of the Law Society, including the costs of any law library established or maintained by it.

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72. Limitation of liability of fund

(1) The fund shall not be liable to pay, nor pay, an amount in respect of loss suffered-
(a) by a person as a result of theft committed by a legal practitioner while the legal practitioner is in the employment of a person who is not a legal practitioner, whether such theft was committed in the course of his or her employment or in the course of any private practice carried on by him or her on his or her own account outside such employment, except if he or she, at the time of the theft, held in respect of such practice a fidelity fund certificate or an exemption granted by the Council under section 67(2);
[Para (a) substituted by sec 6 of Act 4 of 1997.]
(b) by the spouse of a legal practitioner as a result of theft committed by that legal practitioner;
(c) by a legal practitioner as a result of theft committed by a partner or employee of that legal practitioner or by an employee of a partnership in which the legal practitioner is a partner;
(eA) by a person as a result of theft committed by a legal practitioner, whether or not such legal practitioner is the holder of a fidelity fund certificate or an exemption granted under section 67 (2), or by a candidate legal practitioner attached to such legal practitioner, or by an employee of such legal practitioner, of any moneys received, invested, controlled, or managed, including any interest or capital redemption payments collected, in connection with an investment practice;
[Para (eA) inserted by sec 6 of Act 22 of 2002.]
(d) by a legal practitioner as a result of theft committed by a member or employee of a professional company of which the legal practitioner is a member;
(e) as a result of theft committed by a legal practitioner whose fidelity has been guaranteed by a person, either in general or in respect of the particular transaction, to the extent to which it is covered by the guarantee;
(f) by a person as a result of theft committed by a legal practitioner after that person has received a notification in writing from the secretary of the Law Society or the board of control warning him or her against the employment or continued employment of such legal practitioner.

(2) A claim for reimbursement as contemplated in section 54 shall be limited-
(a) in the case of money entrusted to a legal practitioner, to the amount actually handed over, without interest; and
(b) in the case of securities or other property, to an amount equal to the average market value of the securities or property at the date when written demand is first made for their delivery, or, if there is no average market value, the fair market value as at that date of the securities or property, without interest.

(3) Only the balance of any loss suffered by a person after deduction from the loss of the amount or value of all moneys or other benefits received or receivable by that person in respect of the loss from a source other than the fund, may be recovered from the fund.

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73. Procedure for instituting claims against fund

(1) No person shall have a claim against the fund in respect of theft contemplated in section 54 unless-
(a) written notice of the claim is given to the Council and to the board of control within three months after the claimant becomes aware of the theft or by the exercise of reasonable care should have become aware of the theft; and
(b) within six months after a written demand has been sent to him or her by the board of control, the claimant furnishes the board of control with such proof as the board of control may reasonably require.

(2) If the board of control is satisfied that, having regard to all the circumstances, a claim or the proof required by the board of control has been lodged or furnished as soon as practicable, it may in its discretion extend any of the periods referred to in subsection (1).

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74. Actions against fund

(1) No action shall without leave of the board of control be instituted against the fund unless the claimant has exhausted all available legal remedies against the legal practitioner in respect of whom the claim arose or his or her estate and against all other persons liable in respect of the loss suffered by the claimant.

(2) An action against the fund in respect of a loss suffered by a person as a result of theft committed by a legal practitioner or an employee of a legal practitioner, shall be instituted within one year of the date of a notification directed to such person or his or her legal representative by the board of control informing him or her that the board of control rejects the claim to which the action relates.

(3) In an action against the fund any defence which would have been available to the person against whom the claim arose, shall be available to the fund.

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75. Subrogation

On payment out of the fund of money in settlement in whole or in part of a claim under this Act the fund shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights and legal remedies of the claimant against a legal practitioner or a person in relation to whom the claim arose, or in the event of his or her death or insolvency or other legal disability, against a person having authority to administer his or her estate.

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76. Exemption of fund from certain provisions of certain laws

(1) The revenue of the fund shall be exempt from the provisions of any law relating to payment of income tax.

(2) The provisions of any law relating to insurance (other than a law relating to the compulsory insurance of employees) or the provision of security in connection therewith, shall not apply to the fund.

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77. Indemnification in respect of certain acts

No action for damages shall be instituted-
(a) against the fund, the board of control or a member or employee of the board of control in respect of anything done in the bona fide exercise or performance of its or his or her powers or duties in terms of this Act; or
(b) against the Law Society, the Council, a member of the Council or official or employee thereof, in respect of a notification issued in good faith for the purposes of section 72(1)(f).

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78. Preservation and disposal of records and documents in possession of board of control

(1) A record or document in possession of the board of control relating to a claim instituted against the fund shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), be preserved at the office of the secretary of the board of control.

(2) The chairperson of the board of control may, after the lapse of five years from the date on which a claim to which a record or document relates is settled by the board of control or adjudicated upon by a court or rendered unenforceable by lapse of time, direct that such record or document be removed to some other place of custody or be destroyed or otherwise disposed of.

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PART VII
GENERAL
(ss 79-95)

79. ....

[Sec 79 repealed by sec 7 of Act 22 of 2002.]

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80. Rules of Court

In addition to the matters mentioned in section 39 of the High Court Act, 1990 (Act 16 of 1990), the Judge-President may, subject to the provisions of that section, and after consultation with the chairperson of the Council, make rules in relation to the procedure to be followed and the information to be supplied to the Court by any applicant for admission under this Act.

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81. Regulations

(1) The Minister, after consultation with the Board, may make regulations prescribing anything which in terms of Part I is to be prescribed or which the Minister considers it necessary or expedient to prescribe for the purposes of any provision of this Act.

(2) The Minister may, after consultation with the Chief Justice, make regulations-
(a) determining the rights, duties and powers of a curator bonis appointed under section 28(2);
(b) specifying the conditions subject to which lawyers resident in a country declared as a reciprocating country under section 85(1) may be registered and the conditions subject to which such lawyers, once registered, may practise in Namibia;
(c) determining the certificate which shall be endorsed on any document specified in the regulations by any person preparing such document for or on behalf of another person;
(d) determining the acts which shall not be performed by any person other than a legal practitioner.

(3) For the purposes of the provisions of this Act relating to the fund, the Minister may, after consultation with the Chief Justice and the Council, make regulations relating to-
(a) the method of payment and recovery of contributions to the fund;
(b) the form in which and the periods within which notice is to be given to the Council and the board of control in respect of claims against the fund and the particulars thereof, and the conditions subject to which and the extent to which the board of control may settle claims without recourse to judicial proceedings;
(c) the form of certificates to be issued to legal practitioners and of declarations, applications, notices and documents to be used in relation to an application or refusal of an application relating to the fund;
(d) the obtaining of evidence for the purposes of the fund that a person has been admitted to practise or is still practising or has ceased to practise, or as to the reason why a person has discontinued practising, and generally for the obtaining of information which is considered necessary or desirable for the purposes of determining the merits of applications for fidelity fund certificates or matters related thereto;
(e) the election of the chairperson and other office-bearers of the board of control;
(f) the opening of offices for and the regulation of the management and administration of the board of control, including the manner and form in which all agreements, deeds and documents shall be drawn up and executed by or on behalf of the board of control;
(g) the authorization of the board of control or a committee thereof to subpoena and examine on oath or affirmation a person whose evidence it is considered necessary to obtain in order to enable the board of control or a committee thereof to decide on the validity of a claim submitted against the fund;
(h) the time when and the manner in which interest referred to in section 26(4) shall be paid over to the fund;
(i) generally, such other matters as may be considered necessary or expedient by the Minister for the purpose of achieving the objects of the provisions of this Act relating to the fund.

(4) In the case of regulations made under subsection (2), any regulation-
(a) made under paragraph (c) thereof, may provide for a penalty by way of a fine not exceeding N$1 000 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months for any contravention thereof or any failure to comply therewith;
(b) made under paragraph (d) thereof, may provide for exemptions, either temporarily or permanently or partially or wholly, from the prohibitions contained therein in respect of particular persons or categories of persons or in respect of a specific matter connected with any act mentioned in such regulations, but an exemption granted permanently shall not be cancelled or withdrawn unless such cancellation or withdrawal has been approved by resolution of the National Assembly.

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82. Evidence

A certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar and certifying that-
(a) the name of a person appears on the Roll, shall on its mere production be prima facie evidence that such person is enrolled as a legal practitioner;
(b) the name of a person has been removed from or does not appear on the Roll, shall on its mere production be prima facie evidence that such person is not enrolled as a legal practitioner;
(c) that a legal practitioner has been suspended from practice for a period specified in that certificate, shall on its mere production be prima facie evidence that such legal practitioner has been suspended from practice for that specified period.

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83. Oath or affirmation upon admission and enrolment

A person who is admitted and authorised to practise as a legal practitioner shall, upon being so admitted and authorised, take an oath or make a solemn affirmation before the Judge-President, or a Judge designated by the Judge-President for that purpose, in the terms set forth in Schedule 1.

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84. Legal practitioners are officers of the Court

A person admitted to practise as a legal practitioner shall be an officer of the Court.

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85. Reciprocal arrangements and certificates of authorization to act in Namibia

(1) Where the Minister is satisfied that the law of a foreign country permits the admission or authorization otherwise of legal practitioners resident in Namibia to practise law in that country, whether generally or in particular cases, the Minister may, after consultation with the Chief Justice and by notice in the Gazette, declare such country to be a reciprocating country for the purposes of this Act.

(2) Where the Chief Justice or, in his or her absence, the Judge-President is satisfied that, having regard to the complexity or special circumstances of a matter, it is fair and reasonable for a person to obtain the services of a lawyer who has special expertise relating to the matter and that the lawyer is not resident in Namibia or a reciprocating country, he or she may, upon application made to him or her in that behalf, grant to such lawyer a certificate authorising him or her to act in Namibia in relation to that matter.

(3) A certificate granted under subsection (2) shall be subject to the condition that the lawyer concerned shall not engage in the practising of law in Namibia except in relation to the matter for which the certificate was granted.

(4) A copy of every certificate granted under subsection (2) shall be delivered to the Council.

(5) A lawyer from a reciprocating country permitted to practise in Namibia in accordance with regulations made under section 81(2)(b) and a lawyer acting under a certificate granted under subsection (2), shall not be entitled to accept, receive or hold trust money.

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86. Notaries public

(1) A legal practitioner shall not perform any act which in terms of any law may be performed only by a notary public, unless he or she has been appointed as a notary public under subsection (2), or is deemed to have been so appointed in terms of subsection (3).

(2) The Chief Justice may on application made by a legal practitioner appoint such legal practitioner as a notary public if the Chief Justice is satisfied-
(a) that the applicant has been engaged in the practice of the profession in Namibia for a period of not less than 5 years; and
(b) that no proceedings are pending to strike the applicant's name from the Roll or to suspend him or her from practice.

(3) A person who was entitled to practise as a notary public in terms of the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979), immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been appointed as such under subsection (2).

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Chief Justice may, if he or she deems it fit in a particular case, appoint a legal practitioner as a notary public although such a legal practitioner has been engaged in the practice of the profession for less than five years.

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87. Practice of conveyancing

(1) A legal practitioner shall not present any document for registration in a deeds registry or for attestation or execution by the registrar of deeds in terms of any law, unless he or she holds a certificate as having passed an examination in conveyancing set and held by the Board under section 11(1)(d) or is, in terms of subsection (2) of this section, deemed to be the holder of such a certificate, but a legal practitioner appointed or deemed to have been appointed as a notary public in terms of section 86 shall not be precluded from so presenting for registration or attestation or execution any notarial deed.
[Subsec (1) substituted by sec 7 of Act 4 of 1997.]

(2) A person who was entitled to practise as a conveyancer in terms of the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979), immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall deemed to be the holder of a certificate referred to in subsection (1).

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88. Transfer of assets rights liabilities and obligations to Law Society

(1) Upon the commencement of this Act, all assets, rights, liabilities and obligations of the society which existed under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979) (hereinafter referred to as the existing society) shall vest in the Law Society of Namibia established by this Act.

(2) Every agreement, deed, bond, certificate or other instrument to which the existing society was a party or which affected that society, and whether or not of such a nature that the rights, liabilities and obligations thereunder could be assigned prior to the commencement of this Act, shall with effect from the commencement of this Act, have effect and be enforceable as if the Law Society were a party thereto or affected thereby instead of the existing society, and every reference therein to the existing society shall be construed as a reference to the Law Society established by this Act.

(3) Any proceedings pending immediately before the commencement of this Act to which the existing society was a party shall be continued as if the Law Society established by this Act was a party thereto in lieu of the existing society.

(4) In respect of the transfer, hypothecation or lease of property or of an agreement or certificate or other instrument which is the subject of registration by virtue of a law, the competent officer of the appropriate registration authority shall, upon the request of the Law Society, without payment of transfer duty, stamp duty or any other fee or charge, make such entry or endorsement or issue such new certificate or take such other action as may be required to give effect to the provisions of this section.

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89. Transitional provisions in relation to Council of the Law Society

(1) For the purposes of the functioning of the Council during the period between the commencement of this Act and the close of the first annual general meeting of the Law Society held in accordance with the provisions of section 44(1), and notwithstanding the provisions of section 45 and the repeal of the laws referred to in section 94, the Council shall consist of-
(a) six persons who shall be appointed by the council which immediately before the date of commencement of this Act existed under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979), from among those persons who were members of that council immediately before that date; and
(b) three persons who shall be appointed by the society which immediately before the commencement of this Act existed under the name of the Society of Advocates of Namibia, from among persons who were immediately before that date practising as advocates.

(2) The Council constituted in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1) shall elect from its members a chairperson and a vice-chairperson.

(3) For the purposes of the Council constituted in accordance with subsection (1)-
(a) five members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting thereof;
(b) any casual vacancy occurring in the membership thereof shall be filled by the co-option by that Council of a legal practitioner for the unexpired portion of the period referred to in subsection (1).

(4) Until the first election of the members of the Council in accordance with the provisions of section 45(1), the Council constituted in terms of subsection (1) shall be competent to exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions conferred upon or assigned to the Council by this Act.

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90. Transitional provisions in relation to Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control

The Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Board of Control which existed, and the committees appointed by that board, in terms of the Legal Practitioners' Fidelity Fund Act, 1990 (Act 22 of 1990), immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall continue to exist and the members thereof shall continue to hold office, as if that board was established and the members of that board and those committees were appointed in terms of Part VI of this Act, until the next board of control is constituted under this Act.

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91. Transitional provisions in relation to practical legal training and obtaining of fidelity fund certificate or exemption by existing advocates

(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act contained, the course provided at the Centre before the commencement of this Act for the purpose of training persons to qualify as legal practitioners shall be deemed to have been provided pursuant to the provisions of section 16(1) and any period of practical training undergone with an attorney or advocate before the commencement of this Act shall be deemed, for the purposes of section 5(2), to have been a period of practical legal training under attachment to a legal practitioner.

(2) A legal practitioner who, immediately before the commencement of this Act, was practising as an advocate shall be entitled to continue his or her practice, notwithstanding that he or she does not hold a fidelity fund certificate or is not exempted from holding such certificate under this Act: Provided that such a legal practitioner-
(a) shall cease to be entitled to so continue his or her practice upon the expiration of the period of three months after the date of commencement of this Act, or such longer period as the Minister, by notice in the Gazette, may determine, and shall before the expiration of such period , obtain either a fidelity fund certificate or an exemption from the holding of such a certificate in accordance with the provisions of this Act;
(b) shall not, during the period referred to in paragraph (a), be entitled to accept or receive or hold moneys for or on account of another person, unless he or she has obtained a fidelity fund certificate, and during that period the provisions of subsection (3) of section 67 shall apply to such a legal practitioner as if he or she had been exempted under subsection (2) of that section.

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92. Interpretation of certain references in laws

Subject to the provisions of this Act, a reference in any other law to an advocate, a counsel or an attorney, shall be construed as a reference to a legal practitioner.

(2) A reference in any other law to-
(a) a conveyancer admitted under the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979), shall be construed as a reference to a legal practitioner holding, or deemed to be holding, the certificate in conveyancing referred to in section 87;
(b) a notary public, shall be construed as a reference to a notary public appointed or deemed to be appointed under section 86.

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93. Amendment of the High Court Act

Section 3 of the High Court Act, 1990 (Act 16 of 1990), is amended by the substitution for paragraph (c) of the following paragraph:
"(c) such a person has practised as a legal practitioner in Namibia, whether before or after the commencement of the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995, or in a country referred to in paragraph (a) or (b), for a period of not less than five years.".

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94. Repeal of laws and savings

(1) Subject to subsections (2), (3) and (4), the laws referred to in column 2 of Schedule 2 are, subject to the provisions of this section, repealed to the extent referred to column 3 of that Schedule.

(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Attorneys Act, 1979 (Act 53 of 1979), sections 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 and paragraphs (bA), (c) and (d) of section 80 of that Act, and any regulations or rules made or fees prescribed for the purposes of or in connection with those provisions shall, until expiration of the period referred to in section 5(1)(b)(i) of this Act, remain in force and effect in relation to a person who immediately before the commencement of this Act was a candidate attorney as defined in that Act, and for the purposes of this subsection, a reference in any of those provisions to-
(a) the council and to the society shall be construed as a reference to the Council and to the Law Society established under this Act;
(b) an attorney shall be deemed to be a reference to a legal practitioner.

(3) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Admission of Advocates Act, 1964 (Act 74 of 1964), section 3A of that Act, and any notice issued thereunder shall, until expiration of the period referred to in section 6(2), remain in force and effect in relation to a person who immediately before the commencement of this Act was undergoing pupillage as contemplated in that Act.

(4) Anything made or prescribed, including regulations or rules, or done under the provisions of any law repealed by subsection (1), and having the force of law immediately before the commencement of this Act shall, insofar as they are not inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Act, continue to be in force, until altered or revoked by the competent authority under the provisions of this Act.

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95. Short title and commencement

This Act shall be called the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995, and shall come into operation on a date to be determined by the Minister by
notice in the Gazette.

Schedule 1
OATH/AFFIRMATION
(Section 83)


"I,..........................................................................., do swear / solemnly affirm that I will truly and honestly demean myself in the practice of a legal practitioner according to the best of my knowledge and ability and will defend and uphold the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia as the Supreme Law.

So help me God"

(in the case of an oath)

......................................................................

SIGNATURE

......................................................................

JUDGE-PRESIDENT / JUDGE

Schedule 2
LAWS REPEALED
(Section 94)

Schedule 3
(Section 5 (1) (d))

Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Commonwealth of the Bahamas
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Brunei Darussalam
Canada
Democratic Socialist Sri Lanka
Dominica
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Fiji
Ghana
Grenada
Guyana
Independent Republic of Vanautu
Jamaica
Kingdom of Lesotho
Kingdom of Swaziland
Kingdom of Tonga
Malawi
Malaysia
Mauritius
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Republic of Botswana
Republic of Cyprus
Republic of the Gambia
Republic of India
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Kenya
Republic of Kiribati
Republic of Maldives
Republic of Malta
Republic of Nauru
Republic of Singapore
Republic of South Africa
Republic of Uganda
Republic of Zambia
Republic of Zimbabwe
St. Christopher-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Salomon Islands
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United Republic of Tanzania
United States of America
Western Samoa

Schedule 4
LEGAL PRACTITIONER
CERTIFICATE OF ENROLMENT
(Section 2 (3))

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that ...................... was, on the........................day
of.........................................., enrolled as a legal practitioner in terms of the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995, and is accordingly entitled to all the rights and privileges and charged with all the responsibilities attaching to the practice of the profession of a legal practitioner.

Registrar of the High Court of Namibia

Date

[Seal of the High Court of Namibia]

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Contents

1. Definitions
2. Seat of the Society
3. Annual general meetings
4. Special general meetings
5. Provisions common to general meetings
6. Election of Councillors
7. Vacancy in office of Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson
8. Proceedings of the Council
9. Vacation of office by Councillors
10. Committees
11. Quorum of committees
12. The Directorate/Secretariat
13. Notices
14. Library
15. Annual subscription
16. Allowances
17. Accounting requirements: General
18. Accounting requirements: Trust account transactions
19. Investment practises
20. Report by accountant
21. Professional standards
22. Investigation of unsatisfactory conduct
23. Assessment of fees
24. Information required to be furnished by members
25. Suspension or modification of Rules
Shedules
Annexure A - Advertising Guidelines Rules of the Law Society

RULES OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF NAMIBIA

Notice is hereby given in terms of section 52(5) of the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995 (Act No. 15 of 1995) that the Law Society of Namibia , with the approval of the Chief Justice, has made the rules set out in the Schedule.

SEE MARKED GOVERNMENT NOTICES FOR AMENDMENTS / SUBSTITUTIONS TO THE RULES AND DOWNLOADS.

SCHEDULE

ARRANGEMENT OF RULES
1. Definitions
2. Seat of the Society
3. Annual general meetings
4. Special general meetings
5. Provisions common to general meetings
6. Election of Councillors
7. Vacancy in office of Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson
8 Proceedings of the Council
9. Vacation of office by Councillors
10. Committees
11. Quorum of committees
12. The Directorate/Secretariat
13. Notices
14. Library
15. Annual subscription
16. Allowances
17. Accounting requirements: General
18. Accounting requirements: Trust account transactions
19. Investment practises
20. Report by accountant
21. Professional standards
22. Investigation of unsatisfactory conduct
23. Assessment of fees
24. Information required to be furnished by members
25. Suspension or modification of Rules
26. Dissolution of Society

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1. Definitions

1. In these Rules, unless the context otherwise indicates, words or expressions have the meaning defined in the Act, and -
"accountant" means a person who is registered as an accountant and auditor in terms of the Public Accountants' and Auditors' Act 1951, and who practises as a public accountant under that Act;

"accounting records" means the records which a firm is required to keep in terms of Rule 17;

"Act" means the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995 (Act 15 of 1995);

“associate” means a legal practitioner in the employ of a firm, which includes a “professional assistant”; Deleted by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 2(a). Download notice...

"business account transactions" means transactions in regard to which records are required to be kept in terms of Rule 17;

"Chairperson" and "Vice-Chairperson" means respectively the Chairperson and the Vice-Chairperson of the Society;

“Consultant” means a legal practitioner in the employ of a firm and who has been a legal practitioner for a period of not less than ten (10) years; provided that no such consultant shall be allowed to be employed by, or have an interest in more than one firm simultaneously, except with the prior written consent of Council;

"Council" means the Council of the Society;

“Day” or “days” means calendar days;

“Director” means theDirector appointed in terms of Rule 12 and shall include any acting, deputy or assistant Director;

"firm" means a member practising for his or her own account or two or more members practising in partnership or a professional company referred to in section 7 of the Act;

“GOSP”… Inserted by General Notice 385 of 2007 section 3 (a). Download notice...

“Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee” means the Committee of the Council referred to in Rule 22;

"member" means a person who is a member of the Society by virtue of section 43 of the Act;

“partner" includes the shareholder of a professional company as defined in the Act;

"person" includes a firm and body corporate;

“private practice” means a legal practitioner who practices for his or her own account or in partnership and who holds a fidelity fund certificate;

‘Professional Assistant’… Inserted. by General Notice 385 of 2007 section 3 (a). Download notice...

"Society" means the Law Society of Namibia ;

"subscription" means a subscription in terms of Rule 15;

“touting” means as referred to in Rule 21 (t);

"trust account transactions" means transactions in regard to which records are required to be kept in terms of Rule 18;

"trust banking account" means a banking account kept by a legal practitioner in terms of section 26 (1) of the Act;

"trust cash" means any cash held in trust by a firm other than in a trust banking account or a trust investment account;

"trust creditor" means a person on whose account money is held or received as contemplated in section 26 (1) of the Act or invested as contemplated in section 26 (2) or (3) of the Act;

"trust investment account" means any trust savings or other interest bearing account opened in terms of section 26 (2) or (3) of the Act;
"trust money" means money received or held on account of any person by a legal practitioner as contemplated in section 26 (1) or invested in accordance with section 26 (2) or (3) of the Act;

"trust savings account" means a savings or interest bearing account kept by a legal practitioner in terms of section 26 of the Act;

"year" means the financial year of the Society.

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2. Seat of the Society

2. The seat of the Society shall be Windhoek .

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3. Annual general meetings

3. (1) An annual general meeting of the members of the Society shall be convened by the Council in terms of section 47 (a) of the Act to take place once in every calendar year.

3. (2) The notice of an annual general meeting to be given by the Director to members in terms of section 44 (4) of the Act, shall state the time, date and place of the meeting and the business to be transacted thereat, which shall include –
(a) consideration of the correctness of the minutes of the previous annual general meeting and of any subsequent special general meeting which remain to be confirmed;
(b) the election of Councillors;
(c) consideration of the Chairperson's report for the year and matters arising therefrom;
(d) consideration and adoption of the financial statements of the Society for the preceding year;
(e) the appointment of an auditor;
(f) the consideration and transaction of any special business of which due notice has been given by any member in accordance with subrule 3 (4) and the consideration and transaction of any special business which the Council wishes to submit to the meeting and of which due notice has been given in terms of Section 44 (4) of the Act.

3. (3) Not later than seven (7) days before the date fixed for the annual general meeting, the Director shall send to each member -
(a) a copy of the minutes of the previous annual general meeting and of any subsequent special general meeting which remain to be confirmed by the meeting;
(b) a copy of the Chairperson's report for the year;
(c) copies of the audited financial statements of the Society for the last completed financial year end;
(d) a list of Councillors, indicating the number of meetings attended by each during their term of office;
(e) particulars of any special business which any member wishes to be submitted to the meeting pursuant to the notice received of the annual general meeting by the Director in accordance with subrule 3 (4).

3. (4) Notice of any special business which a member wishes to be submitted for consideration at an annual general meeting shall be in writing and be delivered or sent by mail or facsimile to reach the Director at least fourteen (14) days before the date of the meeting and shall contain the motion to be proposed by the member.

3. (5) The order of the business at an annual general meeting shall, unless varied by the Chairperson with the approval of the meeting, be the order set out in the notice of the meeting.

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4. Special general meetings

4. (1) Special general meetings of the Society may, or shall (as the case may be) be convened as prescribed by Section 44 (3) of the Act.

4. (2) The notice of a special general meeting to be given by the Director in terms of section 44 (4) of the Act, shall state the time, date, place and purpose of the meeting.

4. (3) No business other than that stated in the notice shall be transacted at the special general meeting, but the Chairperson may permit any other matter to be discussed without being voted upon at the meeting.

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5. Provisions common to general meetings

5. (1) If a quorum for a general meeting, as prescribed by section 44 (5) of the Act, is not present within thirty (30) minutes after the time appointed for the start of the meeting, the meeting -
(a) if convened upon the requisition of members, shall be dissolved;
(b) in any other case, shall stand adjourned to a day to be fixed by the Chairperson, but which shall not be earlier than fourteen (14) days and not later than thirty (30) days after the date of the meeting which is adjourned.

5. (2) The Director shall send to each member, not less than seven (7) days before the date to which the meeting has been adjourned in terms of subrule 5 (1) (b), a written notice stating the time, date and place of the adjourned meeting.

5. (3) If at such an adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half-an-hour after the time appointed for the start of the meeting, the members present in person or by proxy shall be a quorum.

5. (4) A general meeting at which a quorum is present at its commencement may be adjourned to a time, date and place decided by the meeting, and any decision by members taken in general meeting shall be valid if the required quorum was present at the commencement of the meeting.

5. (5) The following rules of debate shall be observed at all general meetings:
(a) Except with the leave of the Chairperson -
• no member shall be permitted to speak more than once on the same question, but the mover of any motion may speak in reply;
• (ii) the mover of a motion shall not speak for more than ten (10) minutes and in reply not more than five (5) minutes and any other member may not speak for more than five (5) minutes;
(b) the consideration of any other matter which the Chairperson may allow to be raised for discussion, but no such matter which has not been included in the notice of the meeting shall be voted upon at the meeting.
(c) All matters shall be decided by a majority of members voting in person or by proxy delivered to the Director by facsimile or as an original document.
(d) Whenever an amendment to a motion has been moved and seconded, no further amendment shall be moved or seconded until the first amendment has been disposed of, and if the amendment is carried, the motion as amended shall take the place of the original motion and shall become the question on which any further amendment may be moved.
(e) The Chairperson may call the attention of the meeting to any unbecoming language or a breach of order or discipline on the part of a member and may direct such member to discontinue his or her speech or to leave the meeting.
(f) If a member who has given proper notice of a motion is not present and has not withdrawn the motion, any member present may, with the consent of the Chairperson, propose the motion as if the notice had been given by him or her.
(g) Save as provided for in Rule 6 (8) the vote shall be taken in the manner directed by the Chairperson, unless at least seven (7) members request a secret ballot, in which case it shall be so taken.
(h) If the votes are equal the Chairperson shall be entitled to a second or casting vote in addition to his deliberative vote.

5. (6) A proxy -
(a) shall be substantially in the form set out in the First Schedule to these Rules, or such other form as may be approved by the Council, and shall be signed by the member granting the proxy;
(b) may not be given to any person other than a member who is entitled to vote at the meeting;
(c) shall not be acted upon unless it has been received by the Director, either through delivery or by mail or facsimile, before the commencement of the meeting;
(d) shall be valid only for the particular meeting for which it is given and for any adjournment of that meeting.

5. (7) The Chairperson, and in his or her absence or inability to act, the Vice-Chairperson, shall preside at a general meeting, and if both of them are absent or unable to act, any Councillor or other member appointed by the meeting, shall be the Chairperson of the meeting.

5. (8) The Chairperson shall cause minutes of the meeting to be kept in writing.

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6. Election of Councillors

6. (1) No member shall be eligible for election as a member of the Council in terms of section 45 (1) of the Act, unless he or she has been nominated substantially, in the form set out in the Second Schedule to these Rules, by at least two (2) members who are not in terms of any provision of these Rules disqualified from voting at an annual general meeting.

6. (2) Each member shall be entitled to nominate not more candidates than there are vacancies for election as Councillors, but with due regard to the provisions of section 45

6. (1) of the Act.

6. (3) A separate nomination form shall be used for the nomination of each candidate.

6. (4) The nomination form -
(a) shall be duly completed and signed by the members making the nomination and by the member who is nominated, signifying his or her acceptance of the nomination; and
(b) shall be delivered or be sent by mail or facsimile to reach the Director not less than fourteen (14) days before the date on which the annual general meeting is to be held.

6. (5) If the number of candidates duly nominated -
(a) is less than the number of vacancies for election as councillors; or
(b) includes less than the minimum number of members in private practice as required in terms of Section 45 (1) of the Act;
the annual general meeting shall stand adjourned for a period of not less than fourteen (14) days and not more than thirty (30) days for the purpose of nominations to be made anew not later than forty-eight (48) hours before the time fixed for the commencement of the adjourned meeting.

6. (6) Where a meeting is adjourned in terms of subrule 6 (5), the Chairperson shall fix a time, date and place for the reconstituted meeting, the particulars of which shall be notified by the Director in writing to members not less than seven (7) days before the date so fixed for the meeting.

6. (7) If the number of candidates duly nominated is equal to the number of vacancies in the Council and includes the minimum number of members who are engaged in private practice, as prescribed by Section 45 (1) of the Act, the candidates nominated shall be deemed to be duly elected at the conclusion of the annual general meeting. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 section 3 (a). Download notice...

6. (8) If more candidates than the number of vacancies in the Council are duly nominated and their number includes more than the number of members who are engaged in private practice as prescribed by Section 45 (1), an election shall be held by secret ballot at the annual general meeting as follows:  Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 3 (b)
(a) the ballot voting paper shall contain the names of the candidates nominated for election in alphabetical order and shall indicate in respect of each candidate whether or not he or she is engaged in private practice; Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 section 3 (c). Download notice...
(b) every member receiving a ballot voting paper and entitled to vote shall record his or her choice of candidates thereon by making a cross against the names of the candidates for whom he or she wishes to vote;
(c) a ballot voting paper shall be considered spoilt and be rejected if the votes recorded thereon are for more than nine (9) candidates; Subst.by General Notice 385 of 2007, section 3(d). Download notice...
(d) the result of the election shall be determined by two (2) members who shall be appointed by the Chairperson at the annual general meeting to act as scrutineers, but who shall not include any member who is a candidate or has nominated a candidate;
(e) upon completion of the voting at the annual general meeting, the scrutineers shall examine the voting papers, reject those papers that are spoilt papers and count the number of unspoilt votes recorded for each candidate. In the event of uncertainty or a dispute as to whether a ballot paper is spoilt the decision of the Chairperson shall be final;
(f) after counting the votes the scrutineers shall prepare and render to the Chairperson a report showing -
(i) under two distinct headings "candidates engaged in private practice" and "candidates not engaged in private practice" the name of each of such candidates nominated for election and the total number of votes cast in favour of each candidate in descending numerical order; Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 3 (e). Download notice...
(ii) the total number of voting papers received;
(iii) the number (if any) of voting papers rejected.
(g) the Chairperson, upon being satisfied that the report of the scrutineers is complete and regular on the face of it, shall determine and declare the result of the election by selecting – Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 3(f). Download notice...
(i) firstly, from the candidates listed under the heading "candidates engaged in private practice", such number of candidates required to fill the compliment of candidates engaged in private practice as prescribed in Section 45 (1) of the Act who obtained the most votes in descending numerical order; and
(ii) secondly, from the remaining candidates, both those listed under the heading "candidates engaged in private practice" and those listed under the heading "candidates not engaged in private practice", the number of candidates required to fill the remaining vacancies who obtained the most votes in descending numerical order.
(h) In the event of an equality of votes, the candidates having an equal number shall draw lots at the annual general meeting, and, in the event of a candidate being absent, the Chairperson or some other person nominated by the Chairperson shall draw the lot of the absent candidate.
(i) Council may co-opt a maximum of two additional members to ensure due representation of any branch of the profession or group of members, which co-opted members shall not have the right to vote at council meetings.

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7. Vacancy in office of Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson

7. If a vacancy occurs in the office of Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson, the Council shall elect from among its members, including any member appointed in terms of section 46 (2) of the Act, another Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson, as the case may be.

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8. Proceedings of the Council

8. (1) At least eleven (11) ordinary meetings of the Council shall be held in any calendar year.

8. (2) Any three (3) Councillors may, by written notice, request the Chairperson to convene a special meeting of the Council to consider any special business, the particulars of which shall be stated in such requisition.

8. (3) Notice of a special meeting convened pursuant to subrule 8 (2) shall be sent by the Director to each Councillor at least seven (7) days before the date of the meeting.

8. (4) The Chairperson or, if he or she is absent or unable to act, the Vice-Chairperson may call a special meeting of the Council by giving at least twenty-four (24) hours' notice thereof.

8. (5) The Director shall send to each Councillor, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the date of an ordinary meeting of the Council and at least four (4) days before the date of a special meeting convened pursuant to subrule 8 (2), an agenda of the business to be conducted at that meeting.

8. (6) Except with the leave of the Chairperson, a Councillor shall not be entitled to introduce a matter for discussion at a meeting of the Council, which does not appear on the agenda.

8. (7) Subject to Rule 9 (3), five (5) Councillors present at commencement of the meeting shall constitute a quorum.

8. (8) In default of a quorum after the lapse of five (5) minutes beyond the time fixed for the commencement of the meeting, the Chairperson may adjourn the meeting to a date and time fixed by him or her.

8. (9) Subject to Rule 9 (3), all questions discussed at a meeting of the Council shall be decided by a majority of the Councillors present and voting in person, and, in the event of an equality of votes, the Chairperson shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

8. (10) The Council shall cause accurate minutes to be kept of the proceedings at its meetings.

8. (11) A Councillor shall not by reason of his or her office be precluded from contracting with the Council provided every Councillor shall be obliged to disclose any interest he or she may have in a contract contemplated by the Council.

8. (12) The Council may pay allowances as compensation for any travelling, subsistence or other expenses incurred by a Councillor in the discharge of his or her duties on behalf of or in the interests of the Council or the Society.

8. (13) The Society may pay to Councillors and/or Committee members such honoraria as the Society at the annual general meeting may from time to time approve.

8. (14) Nothing contained in these rules shall prevent any member of the Society from rendering professional services to the Council or the Society or from being compensated with a reasonable fee therefore.

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9. Vacation of office by Councillors

9. (1) Apart from the circumstances mentioned in section 46 (1) (a) of the Act, a Councillor shall cease to hold office as such -
(a) upon receipt by the Council of his or her resignation in writing;
(b) upon his or her suspension from practice or removal from the roll as a legal practitioner;
(c) upon his or her ceasing to be a member;
(d) upon the sequestration or surrender of his or her estate as insolvent;
(e) upon the Council resolving that he or she be removed from office.

9. (2) The Council may suspend any Councillor from office and may restore to office any Councillor who has been suspended.

9. (3) No resolution for the removal or suspension of a Councillor shall be acted upon unless at least seven Councillors are present at the meeting at which the resolution is voted upon and at least five of such Councillors vote in favour of the resolution. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, section 4. Download notice...

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10. Committees

10. (1) The Council may constitute, re-constitute or dissolve such standing committees and ad hoc committees as it may decide from time to time to assist the Council in any matter, subject or project.

10. (2) The Council may entrust and/or delegate to a standing or to an ad hoc committee such functions of the Council as the Council may determine, and such committee shall, in performing such functions, comply with such conditions and directives as may have been imposed on it by the Council.

10. (3) Subject to any limitations imposed by the Council, a committee may co-opt additional members.

10. (4) The Council may appoint alternates to the members of a committee.

10. (5) An alternate may attend meetings of the committee to which he or she is appointed, but may only participate in the deliberations and vote when the member to whom he or she is an alternate is absent from the meeting.

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11. Quorum of committees

11. (1) The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of a committee may be fixed by the Council and unless so fixed shall be two (2) members who are entitled to vote at general meetings of the Society.

11. (2) A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks fit.

11. (3) All questions arising at a meeting of a committee shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and entitled to vote and, in the event of an equality of votes, the Chairperson of the committee shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.

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12. Directorate/Secretariat

12. (1) The Councilmay appoint a Director and may employ such other persons as it considers necessary to assist the Council in the performance of its functions.

12. (2) All appointments by the Council in terms of Rule 12 (1) shall be upon such terms and conditions as the Council may determine.

12. 3) The Director shall be the chief administrative officer of the Society and shall perform his or her functions in accordance with these Rules and the directions of the Council.

12. (4) The Director shall -
(a) keep a record of all proceedings of the Council and of the Society in a minute book or books;
(b) maintain a register of all members of the Society containing their full names and business addresses and a register of firms;
(c) be the custodian of all books, documents, papers, records, securities, fixtures, furniture, fittings and other moveable assets belonging to or under the control of the Society;
(d) prepare all documents, conduct all correspondence and perform all other functions appertaining to the office of the Society;
(e) be in control of all other employees of the Society.

12. (5) In addition to his or her other duties, the Director shall be the Treasurer of the Society and he or she shall -
(a) cause all moneys received by the Society to be promptly deposited to the credit of an account in the name of the Society at a bank or building society designated by the Council; and
(b) cause proper accounts to be kept of the income and expenditure and the assets and liabilities of the Society; and
(c) cause the books of account of the Society to be audited annually and cause therein to be reflected the remuneration paid to the auditors and the total of remuneration, compensation, expenses and/or honoraria paid or refunded to Councillors and committee members of the Society; and
(d) report to the Council on such matters and at such times as Council may require.

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13. Notices

13. A notice in writing addressed by the Council or by the Director to any firm at the address notified by that firm to the Director, shall be deemed to have been validly given and to have been received by the firm -
(a) on the fourth day following its dispatch by prepaid post; or
(b) on physical delivery thereof at such address; or
(c) on transmission if sent by facsimile during office hours on a business day, otherwise within one hour of commencement of business of the first succeeding business day; or
(d) if by e-mail, within one (1) hour of confirmation of delivery to the Society if during office hours on a business day, otherwise within one (1) hour of commencement of business on the first succeeding business day. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 5. Download notice...

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14. Library

14. (1) Books may be obtained on personal loan from the Society's library by legal practitioners or candidate legal practitioners, attached to a firm as prescribed by the Act, on written consent of the Director for a period not exceeding -
(a) Seven (7) days in the case of members practising in Windhoek and three (3) days in the case of candidate legal practitioners attached to a firm in Windhoek; and
(b) Fourteen (14) days in the case of country members and seven (7) days in the case of candidate legal practitioners attached to a firm outside Windhoek ;
but the Director may, upon application, extend such period in a particular case.

14. (2) The railage or postal charges for forwarding any books on loan to members outside Windhoek shall be defrayed by the Society, but members shall be responsible to return such books at their own cost.

14. (3) If any book gets lost or damaged while on loan to a member, such member shall be liable to replace it or to pay its replacement costs to the Council within seven (7) days of demand therefore from the Director.

14. (4) Where a member fails to return a book as provided in Rule 14 (1), the member shall pay to the Society a fine of N$5,00 per book for every day by which such period is exceeded. These provisions shall also apply where a member or candidate legal practitioner is obliged to replace a book as per Rule 14 (3) for such period until the replacement book is received by the Director.

14. (5) If a Society library book, borrowed by a legal practitioner or a candidate legal practitioner, is not returned within one (1) month then it shall be deemed to be lost and subrule 14 (3) shall apply.

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15. Annual subscription

15. (1) Every member shall pay to the Society an annual subscription in such amount as may from time to time be fixed by the Society at an annual general meeting on the recommendation of the Council.

15. (2) Different amounts may be fixed in respect of the annual subscription for different categories of legal practitioners as may be determined by the Society.

15. (3) The annual subscription shall be paid by each member not later than within one (1) month of the financial year-end of the Society each year.

15. (4) The Council may upon application in writing, in its discretion, waive any subscription payable by a member in whole or in part or allow payment by way of instalments.

15. (5) If a member fails to pay the annual subscription within one (1) month after it has become due, the Director shall by written notice draw his or her attention to the fact, and if the subscription is not paid within twenty-one (21) days from the date of such notice or within such further time as the Council may allow -
(i) the subscription payable shall be double the annual subscription payable; and
(ii) proceedings for the recovery thereof may be taken by the Council.

15. (6) A non-paying member or member whose subscription is in arrears for more than sixty (60) days shall not -
(a) be entitled to attend any general meeting of the Society or to vote thereat personally or by proxy; and
(b) be eligible for nomination as a candidate for election as a Councillor; and
(c) be entitled to nominate a candidate for election as a Councillor.

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16. Allowances

16. (1) No allowance on professional fees charged or chargeable by a legal practitioner shall be given or granted to any person, except -
(a) in the case of legal practitioners' fees, to another practising legal practitioner, but subject to subrule 16 (2);
(b) in the case of conveyancers' fees, to another practising legal practitioner or conveyancer or to a firm of which the legal practitioner or conveyancer is a partner or an employee;
(c) in the case of notaries' fees, to another practising legal practitioner or notary or to a firm of which the notary is a partner or an employee.

16. (2) The term legal practitioner in 16 (1) (a), (b), and (c) will be deemed to include any person practising law in another country.

16. (3) No allowance or reduction shall be made by a lodging conveyancer in respect of -
(a) the lodging fee; or
(b) any fee prescribed in the Deeds Registries Act tariff for attendances at the Deeds Registry.

16. (4) A practising member who introduces a client to another practising member and who advises such other member that he or she will not be responsible for the fees and disbursements of the client introduced shall not, in the absence of an agreement to the contrary, be entitled to claim any share of the fees of the member to whom the client was introduced.

16. (5) No allowance shall be given on fees in which the tariff of the Legal Aid Board is applied.

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17. Accounting requirements: General

17. (1) The books of account which, in terms of section 25 (1) of the Act, are required to be kept by a firm of legal practitioners referred to in that section, shall be kept in the official language of Namibia in such a manner as to fairly present, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, the state of affairs and business of the firm and to explain the transactions and financial position of the firm.

17. (2) In determining what is meant by "generally accepted accounting practice" regard shall be had, inter alia, to any Rulings of the Council published to members.

17. (3) The accounting records shall distinguish in readily discernible form between business account transactions and trust account transactions.

17. (4) A firm shall retain its accounting records -
(a) for at least 5 years from the date of the last entry recorded in each particular book or other document of record;
(b) except with the prior written consent of the Council, or when removed therefrom under other lawful authority, at no place other than at its main office or a branch office, but, in the latter case, only insofar as they relate to its practice conducted at that branch office.

17. (5) A firm shall regularly and promptly update its accounting records and shall be deemed not to have complied with this Rule, inter alia, if its accounting records have not been written up and balanced for more than 30 days or within such shorter period as Council may in any specific situation direct.

17. (6) Trust money shall in no circumstances be deposited in or credited to a business banking account, and any money not being trust money at any time found in a trust banking account shall be transferred to a business banking account without undue delay: Provided that a firm which -
(a) makes transfers from its trust banking account to its business banking account at least once a month; and
(b) ensures that each such transfer covers the total amount due to it as at the dateof transfer;
shall be deemed to have complied sufficiently with this Rule.

17. (7) When making a transfer from its trust banking account to its business banking account, a firm shall ensure that -
(a) the amount transferred is identifiable with and does not exceed the amount due to it; and
(b) the balance of any amount due to it remaining in its trust banking account is capable of identification with corresponding entries appearing in its trust ledger.

17. (8) Every firm shall, within a reasonable time after the completion or earlier termination of any mandate, account to its client in writing, setting out -
(a) details of all amounts received by it in connection with the matter concerned appropriately explained;
(b) particulars of all disbursements and other payments made by it in connection with the matter;
(c) fees and other charges charged to or raised against the client and, where any fee represents an agreed fee, a statement that such fee was agreed;
(d) the amount due to or by the client;
and the firm shall retain a copy of each such account for not less than five (5) years.

17. (9) A firm shall pay any amount due to a client within a reasonable time, unless otherwise instructed.

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18. Accounting requirements: Trust account transactions

18. (1) A firm referred to in Rule 17 (1) shall promptly on the date of its receipt, or the first banking day following its receipt on which it might reasonably be expected that it would be banked, deposit in its trust banking account all money received by it on account of any person.

18. (2) Any amount withdrawn by a firm from a trust investment account shall promptly be deposited by it in its trust banking account.

18. (3) A firm shall -
(a) ensure that the total amount of money in its trust banking account, trust investment account and held as trust cash at any date shall not be less than the total amount of the credit balances of the trust creditors shown in its accounting records;
(b) ensure that no account of any trust creditor is in debit;
(c) employ and maintain a system to ensure that the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) are not infringed when amounts are transferred from its trust banking account to its business banking account.

18. (4) A firm shall ensure that amounts received in advance to cover a prospective liability for services rendered or to be rendered or disbursements to be made, are deposited forthwith to the credit of its trust banking account.

18. (5) A firm shall ensure that withdrawals from its trust banking account are made only -
(a) to or on behalf of a trust creditor;
(b) as transfers to its business banking account, but only in respect of money claimed to be due to the firm.

18. (6) A firm shall ensure that -
(a) any cheque drawn on its trust banking account shall be made payable to or to the order of a payee specifically designated;
(b) no transfer from its trust banking account to its business banking account is made in respect of any disbursement or fees of the firm until -
(i) the disbursement has actually been made by the firm;
(ii) the fee has been correctly debited in its accounting records.

18. (7) Every firm shall at monthly intervals extract in a clearly legible manner a list of its trust creditors showing the amount then standing to the credit of each in respect of all money held or received by it on account of them and shall total such list and compare the said total with the total of the balance standing to the credit of the firm's trust banking account, trust investment account and amounts held by it as trust cash.

18. (8) The amount included in respect of each account in the trust creditors' list referred to in subrule 18 (7) shall be noted in some permanent, prominent and clear manner in the particular ledger account from which that amount was extracted.

18. (9) Every trust creditors' list compiled in accordance with subrule 18 (7) shall be part of the accounting records of the firm to be retained for the five (5) year period referred to in Rule 17 (4) (a).

18. (10) Every firm shall -
(a) immediately notify the Director in writing of the name and address of the bank at which its trust banking account is kept and, in the event of any change of banker, notify the Director immediately of such change and of the name and address of the new bank;
(b) whenever so required by the Council, furnish to the Council within ten (10) days, or such longer period as the Council may stipulate, a signed statement issued by the bank or banks at which it keeps its trust banking account or accounts and trust investment account and a signed statement issued by the bank or building society at which the firm keeps any trust investment account, certifying the amount of the balance of such trust banking account or accounts or trust investment account at such date or dates as may be specified by the Council.

18. (11) A member shall not invest funds on behalf of any person in terms of Section 26 (3) of the Act without that person's prior specific or general instructions in accordance with the provisions of section 26 (3) of the Act.

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19. Investment practices

19. (1) A firm shall for the purpose of this Rule be deemed to be carrying on the business of an investment practice if it -
(a) invests funds on behalf of a client or clients for capital or profitable gain and not as security for the obligation of the client or a third party; or
(b) controls or manages, whether directly or indirectly, investments of a client or clients by the collection of interest or capital redemption payments on such investments as defined in Rule 19 (1) (a).

19. (2) This Rule shall not apply to -
(a) investments made pursuant to section 26 (3) of the Act;
(b) any investment of a temporary nature made in the course of and incidental to a conveyancing or other matter, including litigation, to which the investing client is a party; or
(c) investments made by members in their capacities as executors, trustees, curators or in any similar capacities insofar as such investments are governed by any other statutory enactment or regulation.

19. (3) A member carrying on an investment practice is required to obtain a certificate from its accountant who will be required to report to the Society in terms of Rule 20 to the effect that the firm has complied with this Rule. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 6 (a). Download notice...

19. (4) A member carrying on an investment practice shall, before investing funds for any client, obtain from that client an investment mandate, substantially in the form as from time to time prescribed by the Council.

19. (5) Every member carrying on an investment practice shall -
(a) not later than six (6) months after the financial year end of such member's firm, furnish each investing client; or
(b) upon the reasonable request of an investing client, furnish such client;
with a schedule reflecting all relevant details of the client's investments.

19. (6) Every member carrying on an investment practice shall, in addition to his normal accounting records, keep a separate trust account record in respect of each investing client, which shall reflect -
(a) all amounts entrusted to him or her by the client for investment pursuant to an investment mandate granted by the client in terms of subrule 19 (4);
(b) payments of all moneys invested by him or her on the client's behalf;
(c) all amounts, both capital and income, derived from investments and received for the client's account;
(d) all payments made by him or her to the client in respect of the client's investments; and
(e) all charges paid to the member in respect of services rendered by him or her to the client pursuant to the client's mandate.

19. (7) The accounting records referred to in subrule 19 (6), and all supporting documents pertaining to the entries made in such records, shall -
(a) be retained by the member in such manner as to enable him or her to furnish each client upon request with all current details of the client's investments;
(b) be maintained in sufficient detail and be cross-referenced to the trust account records retained in respect of each client, in such a way as to provide an adequate and appropriate audit trail which will enable a particular transaction to be identified at any time and traced through the accounting records to the client;
(c) be properly arranged, filed and indexed so that any particular record can be promptly accessed, and if such accounting records are maintained in the form of data stored on a computer or other mechanical or electronic device, be capable of being reproduced promptly in printed form.

19. (8) All accounting records required to be retained in terms of subrule 19 (7) and copies of all reports despatched in terms of subrule 19 (5) shall be retained for at least five (5) years, unless there is statutory provision to the contrary, from the date of the last entry recorded in each particular book or other document of record and shall be held at the same office as the member's other accounting records.

19. (9) No member may syndicate deposits or other money market investments in any manner other than by accepting funds as agent for each participating client and placing such funds with a deposit-taking institution on the money market. The deposit-taking institution shall acknowledge receipt of each deposit or money market investment and such written receipts shall be retained by the member as part of his or her accounting records.

19. (10) All moneys received by a member for investment with a deposit-taking institution shall be paid to such institution as soon as is reasonably possible after receipt by the member.

19. (11) For the purpose of this Rule "deposit-taking institution" means any bank, building society and/or unit trust registered under the laws governing such institutions.

19. (12) A member may not invest on behalf of a client -
(a) in shares or debentures in any company which is not listed on any recognised stock exchange;
(b) in money market type investments, other than in the client's name in an institution as defined in subrule 19 (11); or
(c) in loans unless specifically authorised thereto by his client in writing and unless such loan is secured by mortgage bond or participation bond over immovable property not exceeding the sworn valuation of such property;
and unless the client's written authorization for such investment has first been obtained.

19. (13) A member who has an existing investment practice at the date of commencement of these Rules, shall -
(a) in respect of all existing investments, secure compliance with subrules 19 (4), (6), (9) and (12) within 6 months of such date of commencement;
(b) not be required to commence compliance with subrule 19 (6) until the end of February of the calendar year following the year in which the period of grace stipulated in paragraph (a) expires;
(c) not be required to lodge his or her first annual accountant's report in terms of subrule 19 (3) until the expiry of three (3) months after the end of the financial period in which the period of grace stipulated in paragraph (a) expires. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 6 (b). Download notice...

19. (14) Any member who holds or manages, on the date of commencement of these Rules, an investment which does not comply with subrule 19 (12), shall not later than six (6) months after that date either obtain the client's written consent for such investment or relinquish the management of such investment.

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20. Report by accountant

20. (1) Every firm shall at its expense once in each calendar year, and at such other times as the Council may require, appoint an accountant, subject to subrule 20 (2), to discharge the duties assigned to him or her in terms of subrule 20 (5) to audit the firm's trust accounts for compliance with the Act and the Rules.

20. (2) A firm shall not in terms of subrule 20 (1) appoint as its accountant any person other than a practising accountant in private practice who is registered as such under the Public Accountants' and Auditors' Act, 1951 (Act 51 of 1951). Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 7 (a). Download notice...

20. (3) A firm shall allow an accountant appointed under subrule 20 (1) access to such of its records as the accountant may consider necessary to examine for the purposes of discharging his or her duties under subrule 20 (5) and shall furnish the accountant with any authority which may be required to enable him or her to obtain such information, certificates or other evidence as he or she may reasonably require for such purposes.

20. (4) A firm shall ensure that the report to be furnished by an accountant in terms of subrule 20 (5) is so furnished within the required time, but the Council may in its discretion and on such conditions as it may stipulate, on written application by a firm relating to a particular report, condone a failure by that firm to comply with this requirement.

20. (5) Every accountant who has accepted an appointment in terms of subrule 20 (1) shall -
(a) within 6 months of the annual closing of the accounting records of the firm concerned, or at such other times as the Council may require, furnish the Council with a report on whether the firm has complied with the provisions of the Act and these Rules pertaining to trust accounts;
(b) without delay report in writing directly to the Council if, at any time during the discharge of his or her functions and duties under this Rule -
(i) it comes to his or her notice that at any date the total of the balances shown on trust accounts in the accounting records of the firm exceeded the total amount of the funds in its trust banking account, its trust investment account and its trust cash;  Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 7 (b). Download notice...
(ii) any material queries regarding its accounting records which he or she has raised with the firm have not been dealt with to his or her satisfaction;
(iii) any reasonable request made by him or her for access to its records or for any authority referred to in subrule 20 (3) has not been met to his or her satisfaction.

20. (6) A copy of each report of an accountant under subrule 20 (5) (a) or (b) shall be sent by the accountant to the firm concerned.

20. (7) If a firm fails to submit the required audit report within 6 months after the firm's financial year-end, the Council of the Law Society may, in the absence of a valid reason and/or extra-ordinary circumstance which gave rise to the late filing, impose a penalty upon such firm which shall not exceed an amount of N$10 000-00.

20A (1) to (4)… Inserted by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 8. Download notice...

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21. Professional standards

21. (1) The Council may from time to time publish to its members guidelines in the form of rulings concerning the professional standards to which it expects members to adhere.
“(1A)… Inserted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(a)Download notice...
21. (2) A member acting in his/her professional capacity shall be regarded not to comply with the required professional standards, inter alia, if he or she is guilty of a contravention of any of these Rules or of conduct in any of the following respects:
(a) A breach of faith or trust in relation to his or her client or any estate of which he or she is the executor, administrator, trustee, liquidator, receiver, or curator.
(b) Withholding the payment of trust money without lawful excuse.
(c) Failing within a reasonable time to respond to an enquiry from a person to whom he or she owes a duty to reply.
(d) Failing within a reasonable time to render to his or her client a detailed statement of account after being called upon to do so.
(e) Failing without good cause to wind up a deceased estate without undue delay.
(f) Doing or permitting in the carrying on of his or her practice anything which may reasonably be regarded as likely to attract business unfairly. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(g) Carrying on practice at an office which is not under the direct and personal supervision of a duly qualified legal practitioner: Provided that such requirement of continuous, direct and personal supervision may in its discretion be relaxed or waived by the Council on such conditions as it may determine: Provided further that such relaxation or waiver may in its discretion be revoked by the Council. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 9 (a). Download notice...
(h) Giving or taking allowances in contravention of these Rules.
(i) Sharing offices with, or practising in any office which has intercommunication with the offices of a person other than a legal practitioner who is the holder of a fidelity fund certificate or who is exempted under the Act from holding such a certificate. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(j) Failing to pay within a reasonable time the reasonable fees and disbursements of any legal practitioner, notary or conveyancer in respect of work entrusted to such practitioner by him or her, unless -
(i) at the time of giving initial instructions in regard to such work, he or she advised that practitioner that he or she will not be responsible for the payment of such fees and disbursements; or
(ii) payment is withheld for a reason which the Council deems good and sufficient.
(k) Claiming in a letter of demand payment of costs of demand or collection commission unless the debtor is under a legal obligation to pay such costs or commission.
(l) (i) Seeking to recover by reason of an agreement from a third party fees in an amount greater than the normal and usual fees which would have been reasonably recoverable from his or her own client if there had been no such agreement;
(ii) overreaching a client or overreaching the debtor of a client; or charging of a fee which in the view of the Council is unreasonably high, having regard to the circumstances of the matter.
(m) accepting or agreeing to accept or offering to accept remuneration for professional work at less than the rate or scale of charges fixed by statute or regulation or rule or by resolution of the Council, or does any work gratuitously for any person for the sole reason that such person is a shareholder, partner, director, owner or employee of any firm, business, company or institution: Provided that a legal practitioner is not precluded from acting pro amico for any of his or her own employees.
(n) Agreeing to charge or charging a contingency fee. For purposes of this Rule contingency fee means an agreement to charge a fee only if a matter is partially or entirely successful or otherwise based on the outcome of the matter. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(o) By conduct directly or indirectly holding himself or herself out or allowing himself or herself to be held out as being prepared to do professional work at less than any prescribed rate or scale of charges.
(p) Acting on the instructions of any organisation or person, not being a legal practitioner or an assessor acting for a registered insurance company, whose business or part of whose business is to make, support or prosecute claims resulting from death or personal injury or who solicits instructions to make, support or prosecute any such claim in expectation of any payment, gift or benefit in respect thereof, unless the relationship between the member and the person on whose behalf instructions are given to him or her is properly a relationship of legal practitioner and client and -
(i) instructions are thereafter received directly from such client; and
(ii) the legal practitioner's cost and charges are payable by such client; and
(iii) the member's independent professional judgement is exercised on behalf of such client without outside interference or control.
(q) Keeping the accounts of his or her business as a practicing member in the books of account utilised in connection with any other business in which he or she may be interested jointly with a person not being a practitioner.
(r) Practising contrary to any condition on which an exemption from holding a fidelity fund certificate was granted to him or her.
(s) Any material breach of the provisions of the Act or of these Rules.
(t) Touting, and without derogating from the generality of the prohibition against touting, the following shall be construed as touting:
(i) To solicit custom or work directly or indirectly from any person; or
(ii) To make unsolicited visits or telephone calls or to send unsolicited letters or printed material to any person except to an existing professional connection with a view to establishing a legal practitioner / client relationship with such person;
(iii) To permit, encourage or connive with another person to do any of the aforegoing on his or her behalf;
(iv) To enter into an arrangement with any person, whether an employee or not, for the introduction of clients to the legal practitioner, practising with a Fidelity Fund Certificate; but this will not apply
to -
(A) any arrangement between a legal practitioner and another legal practitioner for the referral of work in the normal course of either's practice;
(B) any arrangement for the introduction to a legal practitioner of other legal practitioners with a view to their instructing him or her on an agency basis. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(u) Failing or refusing to pay annual subscription timeously. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 Section 9 (b). Download notice...
(v) A breach of attorney and client privilege.
(w) Allowing any person who is not a legal practitioner exclusively employed by a firm to hold himself or herself out as an associate of that firm. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 9 (c). Download notice...
(x) Allowing any person who is not a legal practitioner in the employ of the firm and who has not been a legal practitioner for a period of not less that ten years to hold himself or herself out as being a consultant to that firm. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(y) Entering into any agreement, arrangement or scheme of operation, express or tacit, direct or indirect, the result of which is:
(i) to secure for the practising member the benefit of professional work solicited by an unqualified person; or
(ii) to enable an unqualified person to enjoy, share or participate in fees for professional work; or
(iii) knowingly in any way assisting, allowing or enabling an unqualified person to charge, recover or receive any fee, or derive any remuneration for, in respect of, or in connection with the preparation or execution of any document, or the performance of any professional work which only a legal practitioner is qualified by law to prepare, sign, execute, attest or perform, or in any way conniving at any arrangement, agreement or understanding whatsoever whereby any such fee or remuneration as aforesaid is, or shall be, charged, recovered or received by any such unqualified person;
provided that it will not be unprofessional conduct if a practicing legal practitioner grants to an unqualified person in his or her employ a share of earnings from auctioneering, the sale and letting of immovable property, insurance agency work and building society agency work. Subst. by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2 (c) (i)Download notice...
(aa) Entering into or continuing to be a party to any contract or arrangement with a person not being a practitioner the effect whereof is to place the practicing member under such control on the part of such unqualified person as may interfere with his or her independence as an officer of the Court.
(bb) The practising under any name other than -
(i) His or her own name, if he or she practises without partners; or
(ii) The name of any of or all partners, if his or her practice is conducted in partnership; or
(iii) The name of any or all of the past or former owners of or partners in the practice; or
(iv) His or her own name and the names of any or all the past or former owners of or partners in the practice; or
(v) His or her own name and the words “and Company” or “and Co”; or
(vi) His or her own name and the words “and Partners” or in the name of any or all of the past or former owners or partners and the words “and Company” or “and Partners” if the practice is conducted in partnership; or
(vii) His or her own name and the words “Associates”, “In association with” or “Incorporated”, where applicable.
(viii) His or her own name together with a description of the nature of the office e.g. Attorneys, Legal Practitioners, Law Offices, Lawyers, Law Chambers.
(ix)… Inserted by General Notice 308 of 2008 (b). Download notice... Subst. by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2 (c) (ii)Download notice...
(cc) Failing whenever so required, or when called upon by Council within fourteen (14) days of receipt of such request, to furnish to Council full information concerning the name, style or firm title under which his or her or their practice is conducted, including the grounds upon which any name or names appearing in the name, style or firm title of the said practice are used.
(dd) Failing to disclose on the letterheads of his or her practice or a practice in which he or she is a partner, his or her name or the names of all partners if the practice is conducted in partnership.

(ee) Disclosing on the stationary of his or her practice or a practice in which he or she is a partner, the name of any practitioner employed by him or her or a partnership in which he or she is a partner unless he or she indicates that such employee is not a partner in the said practice by the use of the words “Assisted by”, “Associate” or “Consultant” immediately before the name of such practitioner. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(ff) Holding out to be practising in association with any person of a profession or trade which is not that of a legal practitioner. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2(b)Download notice...
(gg).. Inserted by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 9(d). Download notice...

21. (3) Advertising and Publicity: Legal Practitioners, practising with a fidelity fund certificate shall be entitled to market and / or advertise their services subject to:
(a) the guidelines set out in Annexure “A” to these Rules; and
(b) any variation of and / or additions to the guidelines referred to in 3 (a) above, which Council of its own accord, or on recommendation of its Standing Committee on Advertising, Marketing and Promotion may deem fit to publish from time to time. Subst. by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 2 (d)Download notice...

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22. Investigation of unsatisfactory conduct

22. (1) There shall be a Standing Committee of the Council to be known as the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee, which shall consist of three (3) members of whom at least two shall be in private practice, appointed by the Council. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 10 (a). Download notice...

22. (2) The Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee shall be responsible for advising the Council on all matters of ethics in the practise of law and shall investigate the conduct of any member which in their opinion may require disciplinary action against such a member and shall advise Council of their findings. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 10 (b). Download notice...

22. (3) If the Council reasonably believes, either of its own motion or on account of a complaint received, that any member is guilty of unsatisfactory conduct, it may cause an investigation to be made into the alleged conduct of such member in accordance with the provisions of this Rule.

22. (4) The Council may either itself conduct an investigation referred to in subrule (3) or refer the matter to the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee for investigation.

22. (5) Where a matter is referred to the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee, the Council may -
(a) give directions to the committee with regard to the manner in which the investigation is to be conducted by it; and
(b) determine any powers and duties which the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee shall have in addition to the powers and duties conferred by subrule (6).

22. (6) For the purpose of conducting an investigation referred to in subrule 22 (3), the Council or the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee, as the case may be, -
(a) where the investigation is to be conducted on account of a complaint received from another legal practitioner, shall require that any complaint received be made in writing on affidavit;  Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007 ,Section 10(c)
(b) may take statements from witnesses;
(c) may require the legal practitioner lodging the complaint to furnish such further evidence, written or oral, documentary or otherwise, as it may require; Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007,Section 10(d). Download notice...
(d) shall, by written notice to the member whose conduct is the subject of the investigation, inform him or her of the complaint and furnish such particulars of the complaint as may be necessary to enable him or her to reply;
(e) may direct the member concerned to -
(i) reply in writing to the Director within a stipulated time;
(ii) verify his or her reply by affidavit;
(iii) furnish such further evidence, written or oral, documentary or otherwise, as it may require;
(f) shall have access to all books of accounting, bank statements, client and financial records, files etc. of a firm and may invite any person whom it believes may be able to give any information, or has in his or her custody or under his or her control any document containing information, which may be relevant to the alleged conduct of the member concerned, to disclose such information or produce such document, either by way of a written statement or appearance before the Council or the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee as such person may elect;
(g) approach any judge in chambers or magistrate for a warrant to enter and seize the client records of the member concerned, the financial records of the firm / law practice of the member concerned or any other matters as in their reasonable opinion may be associated with or relate to or evidence the conduct of the member which is being investigated, without the necessity of making written application;
(h) may grant to any person who of his or her own motion offers to give any information or make available any document as contemplated in paragraph (e) of this subrule 22 (6) an opportunity to disclose such information in a manner referred to in that paragraph;
(i) shall, where a person contemplated in paragraph (e) or (f) of this subrule 22 (6) elects to appear before the Council or the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee, as the case may be, inform that person that he or she is entitled to appear before it either personally or by his or her legal practitioner or by any other person acting as his or her representative;
(j) may require the member whose conduct is the subject of the investigation to appear before it, in which event the member shall be informed that he or she is entitled to appear either personally or by another member or by any other person acting as his or her representative;
(k) shall in the conduct of its investigation not be bound by the rules of evidence applicable in a court of law.

22. (7) If the investigation is conducted by the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee, that committee shall upon completion of its investigation, compile and submit to the Council a report, setting out -
(a) details of the alleged unsatisfactory conduct of the member against whom the investigation was made;
(b) details of the manner in which the investigation was conducted, including the evidence given or obtained by it from whatever source, either orally, in writing, documentary or otherwise;
(c) particulars of the behaviour of the member whose conduct was the subject of the investigation or of any witness or other person in the course of the investigation, and which it considers necessary to bring to the attention of the Council;
(d) a summary of the facts which in its opinion are established, with details of the evidence which it considers to be in support of those facts;
(e) if in the opinion of the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee the facts referred to in paragraph (d) of this subrule 22 (7) show that the member concerned is guilty of unsatisfactory conduct on any ground other than or in addition to those alleged as contemplated in paragraph (a) of this subrule 22 (7), particulars of such conduct of the member.

22. (8) After completion of an investigation conducted by the Council or, where applicable, after consideration of the report of the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee submitted in terms of subrule 22 (7), the Council shall refer the matter to the Disciplinary Committee established by section 34 of the Act together with its report or the report of the Legal Ethics and Investigatory Committee under subrule 22 (7) and with such recommendations as it may wish to make in relation to the matter.

22. (9) The preceding provisions of this Rule shall not be construed as preventing the Council from referring any matter directly to the Disciplinary Committee established by Section 34 of the Act and as imposing on it an obligation first to conduct an investigation in accordance with those provisions.

22. (10) Where it appears to the Director that a person referred to in Rule 22 (3) is not able to formulate his or her complaint unaided, or if so requested by such a person, the Director shall give to such person all reasonable assistance to put his or her complaint in writing.

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23. Assessment of fees

23. (1) The Council, or any committee appointed by the Council for that purpose, may at the request of any person or member, assess the fees and disbursements payable by such person or a member in respect of the performance of any work other than litigious work by a member in his capacity as legal practitioner: Provided that the Council or the committee shall not assess fees and disbursements in instances where a state official is empowered to do so or where fees and disbursements for the work in question are prescribed by any statutory tariff, save as in such an instance where an agreement exists between the legal practitioner and his client as far as the fee is concerned.

23. (2) With a view to affording the member reasonable and adequate remuneration for the services rendered by him or her, the Council or the committee, as the case may be, shall, in making an assessment, allow all such fees and disbursements as appear to it to be reasonable for the performance of the work concerned, and in so doing shall take cognisance of the following -
(a) the amount and importance of the work done;
(b) the complexity of the matter or the difficulty or novelty of the work or the questions raised;
(c) the skill, labour, specialised knowledge and responsibility involved on the part of the member;
(d) the number and importance of the documents prepared or perused without necessarily having regard to length;
(e) the place where and circumstances in which the services or any part thereof were rendered;
(f) the time expended by the member;
(g) where money or property is involved, its amount or value;
(h) the importance of the matter to the client;
(i) the quality of the work done;
(j) the experience or seniority of the member;
(k) any tariff of fees approved by the Society for the sole purpose of serving as a guide to members; and Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017, Section 3Download notice...
(l) whether the fees and disbursements have been incurred or increased through overcaution, negligence or mistake on the part of the member.

23. (3) For the purposes of an assessment of any member's fees and disbursements, the Council or the committee, as the case may be, may call for the production of such books, documents, papers or accounts as in its opinion are necessary to enable it properly to determine any matter arising upon such assessment.

23. (4) The Council or the committee, as the case may be, shall not proceed to the assessment of the fees and disbursements unless the Director has duly given written notice by prepaid registered post, facsimile or delivery by hand to both the member and the person liable to pay the fees, stating the time and place of such assessment and recording that he or she is entitled to be present and represented thereat, but such notice shall not be necessary if either the member or such person have consented to the assessment in their absence.

23. (5) At the assessment the member and such person may submit their representations and arguments either orally or in writing and the Council or committee, as the case may be, may reserve its decision.

23. (6) As soon as the Council or the committee, as the case may be, has arrived at its decision, it shall deliver to both the member and such person, either by registered post, facsimile or delivery by hand, a copy of the fee list submitted for assessment, duly endorsed with the allocatur of the Council or the committee, as the case may be, under the hand of the Director of the Society.

23. (7) Subject to section 52 (4) of the Act, the fees and disbursements determined in terms of the allocatur shall be deemed to be the reasonable fees and disbursements payable to the member for the services rendered.

23. (8) The Council or the committee, as the case may be, shall be entitled in its discretion at any time, to depart from any of the provisions of subrule 23 (4) in extraordinary or exceptional cases, where strict adherence to such provisions would be inequitable.

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24. Information required to be furnished by members

24. (1) It shall be the duty of every member -
(a) within thirty (30) days of becoming a member, to furnish the Director in writing with the following information:
(i) his or her full names, date of birth and residential address; Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 11(a). Download notice...
(ii) if he or she will be engaged in private practice -
(aa) the name, physical address, postal address and telephone and facsimile numbers and e-mail address of the firm where he or she will practise and where applicable, the address and telephone number, facsimile number or e-mail address of the main office and every branch office where the firm will conduct its practice;
(bb) the capacity in which he or she will be involved in the firm;
(cc) the full names of every other member involved in the firm and the capacities held by them in the firm, whether as partner, shareholder, director or employee;
(iii) if he or she will not be engaged in private practice, the nature of the profession which he or she will follow and, if not self-employed, the name and business address of his or her employer;
(iv)… Inserted by General Notice 385 of 2007,Section 11 (b). Download notice...
(b) who is engaged in private practice and who intends to open any branch office, to notify the Director in writing, before such office is opened -
(i) of the physical address, postal address and telephone number facsimile number and e-mail address of such office;
(ii) whether a separate trust account and separate accounting records will be kept in respect of such branch office; and
(iii) the names of the legal practitioner or legal practitioners who will be supervising the branch office, and the hours that it will be open to the public;
(c) if a change occurs in regard to any of the information furnished in terms of paragraph (a) or (b), to notify the Director thereof forthwith in writing, giving full details of the change and to furnish such additional particulars thereof as the Director may require.

24. (2) In the event of any change occurring in the members comprising a firm, the Council may call upon -
(a) any member involved in such change, whether practising for his or her own account or in partnership or as a shareholder or director in a professional company -
(i) to state in writing what arrangements have been made in relation to any moneys held or to be held on account of any person in terms of section 26 of the Act by the member, partnership or professional company concerned;
(ii) to provide the Council with a list of trust creditors of the firm.
(b) any member, or the lawful representative of any member or the executor of the estate of any deceased member, to furnish a certificate by an accountant approved by the Council in relation to any matter or thing in connection with the protection of any moneys held or to be held or received by any member on account of any person in terms of section 26 of the Act.

24. (3) Any member who intends to apply to the Court for his or her removal from the roll of legal practitioners, shall notify the Council in writing of his or her intention not less than thirty (30) days before the date on which his or her application is to be heard by the Court, and if such member is or has been engaged in private practice, he or she shall, together with such notification or before such other date as the Council may determine: -
(a) unless exempted by the Council, furnish the Council with a certificate by an accountant approved by the Council, or such other proof as the Council may require, that proper provision has been made for the liquidation, taking over or protection of all trust moneys; and
(b) furnish the Council with a statement in writing in which he or she explains the arrangements made by him or her for the discharge of all his or her obligations to his or her clients, in particular the arrangements relating to -
(i) the protection of trust moneys or other assets held in trust;
(ii) the completion of work on hand; and
(iii) the handling of queries; and
generally any other matters necessary for the orderly winding up of his or her practice or former practice.

24. (4) A member who practises for his or her own account and who intends to cease his or her practice, shall not later than the day on which he or she ceases to practise, furnish to the Council a statement as contemplated in paragraph (b) of subrule 24 (3) and, if so required by the Council, with a certificate or other proof as contemplated in paragraph (a) of that subrule, and shall thereafter be required, for as long as he or she remains a member, to inform the Secretary in writing of any change of his or her business, postal or residential address.

24. (5) A firm practising at more than one physical address shall indicate on its letterheads the address of its main office and of each of its branch offices, and all correspondence of the firm shall indicate from which address it emanates.

24. (6) A branch office may remain open only while it is under the direct and personal supervision of a legal practitioner.  Deleted by General Notice 251 of 2004. Download notice...

24. (7) Where a separate trust banking account is kept by a firm / member in respect of a branch office, the firm / member shall ensure that a separate report by an accountant as required by Rule 20 is lodged with the Council in accordance with that Rule. Subst. by General Notice 385 of 2007, Section 11 (c). Download notice...

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25. Suspension or modification of Rules

25. The Council may, on written application, in such manner as it may determine, and subject to such conditions and directions as it may impose, suspend in whole or in part or modify the application of any rule applicable to any member while such member is employed by or acting to promote or assist the functioning of any body recognised by the Council as a students' legal aid clinic, legal aid body, or other similar organisation of a public or philanthropic nature, which renders legal services in the public interest.

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Schedules

First Schedule: Form of Proxy
Second Schedule: Form of Nomination of Council Member
Third Schedule: Form of Client Investment Mandate
Fourth Schedule: Report by Independent Accountant

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Annexure A - Advertising Guidelines Rules of the Law Society


1. 1. Interpretation

In these guidelines, unless the context indicates otherwise, -

1.1 words or expressions shall have the same meaning as attached to them in the Legal Practitioners Act, 15 of 1995 and the Rules of the Law Society of Namibia ;

1.2 "advertisement” shall mean any form of advertisement and includes, inter alia, signage, brochures, directory entries, stationery, internet, website, other possible media and press releases promoting a firm's practice, and "advertising" shall have a corresponding meaning;

1.3 "publicity" shall include any direct or indirect reference to a firm, published or disseminated by any written, pictorial or aural means, in any medium including the electronic media and the internet, and "publicise" shall have a corresponding meaning;

1.4 any reference to "advertising", includes "publicity" and vice versa.

1.5 ”touting” without derogating from the provisions of Rule 21 (1) (t) shall mean directly soliciting work or soliciting work by direct approach.

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2. A firm may advertise / publicise its practice

2.1 A firm may engage in any advertising, publicity or promotion in connection with its practice, or permit another person to do so on its behalf, provided such advertising, publicity or promotion complies with the provisions of these guidelines and does not in any manner compromise or impair nor is likely to compromise or impair any of the following:

2.1.1 the firm’s independence or integrity;

2.1.2 the client’s freedom to instruct a firm of his or her choice;

2.1.3 the firm’s duty to act in the best interests of the client;

2.1.4 the good repute of the legal profession;

2.1.5 the firm’s proper standard of work. Subst. by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (a).Download notice...

2.2 All publicity must be in good taste with regard to content, prominence and medium, and whether or not publicity is of good taste, shall be determined by the Council. Firms may seek Council’s prior guidance in this regard.

2.3 All publicity shall bear the name of the firm.

2.4 Publicity may not –

2.4.1 be inaccurate or likely to mislead;

2.4.2 include statements about the firm’s success rate;

2.4.3 be so frequent or obtrusive as to cause annoyance to those to whom it is directed;

2.4.4 make comparisons with, or criticise, other firm/s or members of any other profession;

2.4.5 criticise the quality of, be comparative with, or claim to be superior to the service provided by any other firm or any section of the legal profession. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (b)Download notice...

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3. Touting not permitted

Notwithstanding anything contained in these guidelines, touting shall not be permitted.

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4. The content of publicity

4.1 Requirements

All publicity must comply with the provisions of the Legal Practitioners Act, 15 of 1995, the Rules of the Law Society and the common law.

4.2 Naming clients

4.2.1 A firm may refer to the name of a client in the public media only with the client’s consent. However, reference may not be made to the name of a client in any publicity by the firm.

4.2.2 When advertising property for sale or to let on a client’s behalf, a firm may name the client, with the client’s consent.

4.2.3 Paragraph 4.2.1 shall not be construed as prohibiting the naming of a firm in the publicity of a client, or from being identified as the client’s legal practitioner in the publicity of another person concerning the client’s business, subject always to the Rules of the Law Society applicable from time to time. Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (c)Download notice...

4.3 Categories of work

4.3.1 Publicity about a firm’s practice may only state or imply that it undertakes a particular category of work if that firm is in fact able and qualified to handle that work competently. In particular, a firm may not state that it undertakes conveyancing 0r notarial or patent, design or trade mark work unless the practicing member or one or more of the partners, or an employee exclusively in his / her / their employ has been admitted as a conveyancer or notary, or patent legal practitioner or patent or trade mark agent, as the case may be.

4.3.2 A firm may hold itself out as a specialist or expert in any branch of the law. A statement that a firm prefers to practise in any branch of the law shall be deemed not to be a claim by such firm to specialise in that preferred branch of the law. The Council may, by notice in writing to a firm, require that firm to cease to hold itself out as a specialist or expert in any branch of the law if the Council is of the opinion that the firm does not have the requisite expertise in that particular branch of the law. Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (d)Download notice...

Cautionary notes

4.3.2.1   Firms are advised that the standard of expertise, care and skill required by a firm holding itself out as a specialist or expert in a branch of law, must of necessity be higher than that of a firm which does not do so. Accordingly, a breach of the standard of expertise, care and skill required of a firm renders the firm more readily liable for damages for professional negligence in relation to the speciality than a firm which does not claim any speciality.

4.3.2.2   If a firm holds itself out as a specialist, the claim of speciality may render the legal practitioners who are partners or members of the firm liable to be disciplined for unprofessional, dishonourable or unworthy conduct, if the firm's action in so holding itself out is not justified.

4.3.2.3   Although a statement by a firm that it prefers to practise in a particular branch of the Law does not place that firm in the same category as one claiming to be a specialist, it may nevertheless indicate that a higher standard of care and skill will be required from such a firm than from one which does not hold itself out to have a preferred area of practice. A firm which expresses a preferred area of practice may, therefore, also render itself more readily liable to a claim for damages on the basis set out in 4.3.2.1 above.

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5. Statements as to charges

5.1 Clarity

5.1.1 Save for work not reserved for legal practitioners in terms of the Legal Practitioner’s Act, 15 of 1995, no publicity shall contain a statement that specific kinds of work shall be undertaken for a specific charge.

5.1.2 Publicity may contain the basis on which work shall be charged for, but such publicity must be clearly expressed. It must be stated what services will be provided for that basis of charging. Any circumstances in which the basis may be altered must be stated. It must be clear whether disbursements and VAT are included. Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (e)Download notice...

5.2 Comparisons and criticisms of charges

Publicity may not compare a firm's charges with those of any other firm; neither may it criticise the charges of any other firm.

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6. DIRECTORY HEADINGS

In a directory or other listing which includes the services of persons other than legal practitioners, a firm’s entry or advertisement may appear under a classification other than "legal practitioners ” provided that:

6.1 the appearance under that classification is not misleading;

6.2 the firm is described in the entry or advertisement as a legal practitioner; and

6.3 the classification does not require a specific qualification which the legal practitioner does not have. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (f)Download notice...

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7. Designation of a firm's practice

7.1 A firm’s practice may be designated only as that of a legal practitioner(s). In addition the use of the designations “notary, “conveyancer”, "patent attorney or agent”, “trade-mark practitioner or agent", “administrator of estates”, “appraiser", ”sworn translator ” and “estate agent", is permitted but only where at least one legal practitioner in the firm or an employee in the exclusive employment of the firm is entitled to be described as such; Subst. by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (g)Download notice...

7.2 It is permissible to cite the academic qualifications, conferred on a legal practitioner by a university, on stationary, brochures, internet and websites.

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8. Group advertising

It is permissible for independent firms to act together in a group to publicise their services under a group name or group logo. Any group advertising/publicity shall conform to the provisions of these guidelines.

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9. Professional announcements, advertisements for staff and the like

Any professional announcement, advertisement or marketing by a firm (including any advertisement in the De Rebus) must comply with the provisions of these guidelines.

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10. International aspects of publicity

No publicity for a firm may be conducted in a jurisdiction other than in areas which are subject to the jurisdiction of the Law Society of Namibia in any manner that would contravene either -

10.1 the provisions of these guidelines; or

10.2 any restrictions in force in that other jurisdiction concerning lawyers' publicity. For the purposes of this paragraph, publicity shall be deemed to be conducted in the jurisdiction in which it is received. However, publicity will not be regarded as being conducted in a jurisdiction in which that publicity would be improper if it is conducted for the purpose of reaching persons in a jurisdiction where that publicity is permitted and its reception in the former jurisdiction is incidental.

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11. Specific guidelines regarding marketing

11.1 Brochures, Internet and Websites

11.1.1 A firm may display in its reception area brochures containing details about the practice and the nature of the services offered. Such details and the nature of the services offered may also be made known on the internet and on websites. The brochure, internet and websites may not, however: Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (h)Download notice...

11.1.2 Such brochures, internet and websites may also be sent or be made available to existing or former clients, except former clients whom the firm should reasonably know are not likely to return to it as clients. The brochures, internet and websites may include guidance on how clients can assist the firm to deal properly with its business, for example, by completing a questionnaire. Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (i)Download notice...

11.1.3   A prospective client who asks for information about the firm may be sent or given a brochure, internet and websites.

11.1.4   The brochure, internet and websites may contain an offer to give an estimate of charges in relation to any proposed mandate.

11.2 Radio and television broadcasts, conferences, seminars, lectures and articles in the lay press

The following principles apply to firms who take part in radio or television broadcasts, or who give talks or lectures to lay audiences, or who give interviews to the press, or who contribute articles to the lay press, on legal or non-legal subjects:

11.2.1   Consent of the Council

The consent of the Council is not required by a firm intending to take part in any of these activities. However, it is the responsibility of the firm that the respective legal practitioner is properly qualified to speak or write on the topic at issue, and that the presentation and/ or the content of the speech/lecture/writing does not amount to touting. Subst.by by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (j)Download notice...

11.2.2   Designations

Legal practitioners may be identified by name, by firm name (if desired) and by profession (if desired).

11.2.3   Generally in relation to broadcasts, lectures and press articles

A firm shall not be permitted to publish anything identifying or likely to identify clients for whom it acts or has acted unless in connection with a specific matter and then only if the client's prior written permission has been obtained.

11.3 Telephone / electronic directories, law directories and the yellow pages

11.3.1   It is permissible for a firm to insert its name in bold print in directories.

11.3.2   It is permissible for a firm to insert its name in a law directory or in the yellow pages and in so doing to indicate the kind of work which it undertakes or, in which it claims to have expertise (subject to the cautionary notes contained herein).

11.4 Information to clients regarding developments in the law

A firm may (and indeed is encouraged to) communicate with its clients either verbally or in writing to advise them of the latest developments in the law or in regard to a specified area of the law and to obtain instructions for professional business in relation to those developments, provided that:

11.4.1   the content and nature of any material, whether submitted, printed, spoken or otherwise, used by the firm in the course of the communication complies with these guidelines;

11.4.2 the form of the communication does not derogate from the dignity of the legal profession;

11.4.3 the communication does not involve undue influence, coercion, duress, harassment or nuisance. Deleted by General Notice 376 of 2017 Section 4 (k)Download notice...

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12. The legal practitioner's responsibility for publicity

It is the responsibility of a firm to ensure that all publicity, which is carried out by any other person on its behalf, complies with the provisions of these guidelines and such responsibility may not be delegated. Where a firm becomes aware of any impropriety in any publicity appearing on its behalf or concerning it, it shall forthwith do all such things and take all such steps as may be reasonable in the circumstances, to have the publicity rectified or withdrawn.

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13. General

13.1 The Council may by notice in writing to a firm -

13.1.1   order the alteration, withdrawal or discontinuance of an advertisement or publicity;

13.1.2   order the alteration or discontinuance of the use of statement in any advertisement, publicity or marketing material;

13.1.3   order the firm to discontinue its participation in any lectures, talks, public appearances or publications,

13.1.4   if in its opinion any of these guidelines have been or are being contravened.

 
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Legal Practitioners  Act 15 of 1995 amended by:
Legal Practitioners Amendment Act 4 of 1997
Legal Practitioners Amendment Act 6 of 1999
Legal Practitioners Amendment Act10 of 2002
Legal Practitioners Second Amendment Act 22 of 2002

Legal Practitioners Amendment Act 4 of 1997
Amendment of Section 11 of Act 15 of 1995 by the substitution for subsection (2); Section 21 by the substitution for paragraph (c) of subsection (1) ; substitution of section 22;  Section 54 by the addition of subsection (1); Section 67 by the addition of Subsection (4); Section 72 by the substitution for paragraph (a) of the subsection (10) and Section 87 by the substitution for subsection (1).

Legal Practitioners  Amendment Act 6 of 1999
Amendment of section 79 of Act 15 of 1995

Legal Practitioners  Amendment Act 10 of 2002
Amendment of section 5 of Act 15 of 1995 by the insertion in subsection (1) for paragraph (cA) after paragragh (c) and Section 18 by substitution for subsection (1)

Legal Practitioners  Amendment Act 22 of 2002
Amendment of section 1of Act 15 of 1995 by insertion of the definitions; Section 21 by substitution for section (2); Section 32 by the Addition of subsections; (3), (4) and (5); substitution of section 45; Section 52 by deletion of paragraph (e) of subsection (1); Section 72 by the Insertion  (eA) after paragraph (e) of subsection (1); Repeal of section 79 and Repeal of Act 6 of 1999.

Rules of the Law Society of Namibia: General Notice 340/2002 as amended by:
General Notice 251/2004
General Notice 385/2007
General Notice 308/2008

General Notice 251/2004
Amendment of Rule 24 of the Rules by the deletion of subrule (6).

General Notice 385/2007
Amendment of rule 1 of the Rules; Amendment of rule 6; Amendment of rule 9 of the Rules; Substitution of rule 13 of the Rules; Amendment of rule 19 of the Rules; Amendment of Rule 20 of the Rules; Insertion of Rule 20A in the Rules; Amendment of rule 21of the rules; Amendment of rule 22 of the Rules and Amendment of rule 24 of the Rules.

General Notice 308/2008
Amendment of rule 21 of the rules of the Law Society of Namibia.

Regulations:
Regulations relating to the Fidelity Fund Act, under section 30 of the Act 22 of 1990 (Government Notice 136 /1993).

Regulations relating to fees for certificate of enrollment as Legal Practitioners, under section 2 (3) of the Legal Practitioners Act 15 of 1995, (Government Notice 201/1995).

Candidate Legal Practitioners Regulations, under section 81 (1) of the Legal Practitioners  Act 15 of 1995, (Government Notice 228/1995), as amend by:
Government Notice 58/1997; 67/1997 and 8/1999.

Regulations relating to the rules of governing the Disciplinary committee,Under section 39 (1) of the Act 15 of 1995, (Government Notice 54/1996)

Regulations relating to the Degrees or equivalent qualifications in law from common law countries prescribed for legal practitioners, under section 5 (4) (a) of the Act 15 of 1995 (Government Notice) 134/1996 as amend by:
Government Notice 220/1996;18/1997; 159/1998; 29/2002; 139/2002 and 153/2009.

Regulations relating to prescription of Degrees, under subsection (4) (b) of section 5 of Act 15 of 1995  (Government Notice 127/1997).

Commencement of the Legal Practitioners Act 15 of 1995 : Date 07 September 1995 (Government Notice 150/1995).